Biometabolites of Peel Enhance Intestinal Permeability and Alter Gut Commensal Bacteria.

Flavanones in peel (CUP) have been used as therapeutic agents to reduce intestinal inflammation; however, the anti-inflammatory effects of their biometabolites remain ambiguous. Here, we identified aglycone-type flavanones, such as hesperetin and naringenin, which were more abundant in the bioconversion of the CUP than in the ethanol extracts of the CUP. We found that the bioconversion of the CUP induced the canonical nuclear factor-κB pathway via degradation of IκB in Caco-2 cells.

Ligularia fischeri ethanol extract: An inhibitor of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Background: Ligularia fischeri is a perennial herb isolated from plants of the Asteraceae family. Ligularia fischeri is distributed throughout Korea, Japan, eastern Siberia, and China.

Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the intracellular inhibitory effect of Ligularia fischeri ethanol extract on melanin synthesis and expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2.

Modern concepts and biomarkers of blood stasis in cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases from the perspectives of Eastern and Western medicine: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to provide a modern definition and identify potential biomarkers of blood stasis in cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases by mapping, comparing, and combining Eastern and Western concepts.

Introduction: Blood stasis is a pathological concept found in both Eastern and Western medical literature. In traditional East Asian medicine, blood stasis is a differential syndrome characterized by stagnant blood flow in various parts of the body.

Inhibition effect of extracts on Osteoarthritis through MAPKs, NF-κB signaling pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by degradation and inflammation of cartilage extracellular matrix. We aimed to evaluate the protective effect of (CSR) on interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated rat chondrocytes and a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced model of OA. , cell viability of CSR-treated chondrocytes was measured by MTT assay.

Effects of ID-CBT5101 in Preventing and Alleviating Osteoarthritis Symptoms in a Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Rat Model.

Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects the articular cartilage and osseous tissue, and can be worsened by aging, overweight status, and post-traumatic arthritis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ID-CBT5101 (tyndallized ) on bone metabolism and the inflammatory response in a monosodium iodoacetate-induced rat model of osteoarthritis. ID-CBT5101 was administered orally at doses of 10 or 10 CFU/day for 2 weeks before direct injection of monosodium iodoacetate (3 mg/50 μl of 0.