Single-cell analysis of human PBMCs in healthy and type 2 diabetes populations: dysregulated immune networks in type 2 diabetes unveiled through single-cell profiling.

Abnormalities in glucose metabolism that precede the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) activate immune cells, leading to elevated inflammatory factors and chronic inflammation. However, no single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies have characterized the properties and networks of individual immune cells in T2D. Here, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from non-diabetes and T2D patients by scRNA-seq.

Sex differences in the relationship between platelet count and type 2 diabetes risk in community-dwelling adults: Longitudinal findings over 14 years.

Aims: Emerging evidence suggests that platelet count predicts the development of type 2 diabetes; however, there is conflicting evidence concerning the relationship in men and women. This study aimed to assess the longitudinal association between platelet count and the incidence risk of type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: Among 10,030 participants, 7325 participants (3439 men and 3886 women) without diabetes were selected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

KIRCD8 and NKG2ACD8 T cells are distinct innate-like populations in humans.

Subsets of the human CD8 T cell population express inhibitory NK cell receptors, such as killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and NKG2A. In the present study, we examine the phenotypic and functional characteristics of KIRCD8 T cells and NKG2ACD8 T cells. KIRs and NKG2A tend to be expressed by human CD8 T cells in a mutually exclusive manner.

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase level and incidence risk of metabolic syndrome in community dwelling adults: longitudinal findings over 12 years.

Purpose: Although a recent meta-analysis demonstrated a positive association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), sex differences in the relationship between GGT levels and MetS risk were not fully considered. We prospectively examined the relationship between serum GGT levels and incidence risk of MetS.

Methods: Data were collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) enrolled in 2001-2002.

Usefulness of Complete Blood Count (CBC) to Assess Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases in Clinical Settings: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most common blood tests requested by clinicians and evaluates the total numbers and characteristics of cell components in the blood. Recently, many investigations have suggested that the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), arteriosclerosis, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome can be predicted using CBC components. This review introduces that white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are useful markers to predict CVD and metabolic diseases.

Fatty liver index as a predictor for incident type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling adults: longitudinal findings over 12 years.

Background: Diagnosing fatty liver and identifying disease status are important for fatty liver related-diseases prevention. The fatty liver index (FLI), which can be easily available in clinical practice, can be very useful for managing fatty liver and preventing related diseases. No large-scale and long-term follow-up prospective studies have investigated the relationship between FLI and incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM) independent of baseline insulin resistance status.

Long-Term Adverse Effects of Cigarette Smoking on the Incidence Risk of Metabolic Syndrome With a Dose-Response Relationship: Longitudinal Findings of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Over 12 Years.

Objective: To investigate the association between the intensity and cumulative dose of cigarette smoking and incidence risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a longitudinal prospective study over 12 years of follow-up.

Methods: This study included 3151 men aged 40 to 69 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. MetS was defined as proposed by the Joint Interim Statement of the Circulation 2009 report.

Non-HDL cholesterol as a predictor for incident type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling adults: longitudinal findings over 12 years.

Non-HDL cholesterol is a simple measure to analyze the total amount of proatherogenic lipoproteins in the blood and to predict development of cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether non-HDL cholesterol has a relationship with incident type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the association between non-HDL cholesterol and incident type 2 diabetes with a large-sample, community-based Korean cohort over a 12-year period.

IL-15 enhances CCR5-mediated migration of memory CD8 T cells by upregulating CCR5 expression in the absence of TCR stimulation.

During microbial infection, bystander CD8 T cells that are not specific to infecting pathogens can be activated by interleukin (IL)-15. However, the tissue-homing properties of bystander-activated CD8 T cells have not been elucidated. Here, we examine the effects of IL-15 on the expression of chemokine receptors on CD8 T cells and their migration.

Increase of Vδ2 T Cells That Robustly Produce IL-17A in Advanced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissues.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic dilation of the aorta with a tendency to enlarge and eventually rupture, which constitutes a major cause of cardiovascular mortality. Although T-cell infiltrates have been observed in AAA, the cellular, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of these tissue-infiltrating T cells are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the proportional changes of T-cell subsets-including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and γδ T cells-and their effector functions in AAAs.

PD-1-Expressing SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD8 T Cells Are Not Exhausted, but Functional in Patients with COVID-19.

Memory T cell responses have been demonstrated in COVID-19 convalescents, but ex vivo phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells have been unclear. We detected SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T cells by MHC class I multimer staining and examined their phenotypes and functions in acute and convalescent COVID-19. Multimer cells exhibited early differentiated effector-memory phenotypes in the early convalescent phase.

Dynamic changes in circulating PD-1CD8 T lymphocytes for predicting treatment response to PD-1 blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: The predictive value of immune monitoring with circulating CD8 T lymphocytes for treatment response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors has not been explored in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), prompting us to investigate whether dynamic changes in PD-1CD8 T lymphocytes have predictive value for durable clinical benefit (DCB) and survival after PD-1 blockade.

Methods: Patients with recurrent and/or metastatic NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibitors were enrolled (discovery cohort; n = 94). Peripheral blood was obtained immediately before and after one cycle of treatment with PD-1 blockade.

PD-1 Blockade Reinvigorates Bone Marrow CD8 T Cells from Patients with Multiple Myeloma in the Presence of TGFβ Inhibitors.

Purpose: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have shown therapeutic efficacy in various malignant diseases. However, anti-programmed death (PD)-1 therapy has not shown clinical efficacy in multiple myeloma.

Experimental Design: Bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells were obtained from 77 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.

Inverse Relationship between Hepatic Steatosis and Alanine Aminotransferase with Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Men.

Purpose: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a serum glycoprotein produced predominantly in hepatocytes. As such, the synthesis of SHBG could be associated with liver function and metabolic syndrome. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels could reflect hepatocellular injury and insulin resistance; however, the relationship between hepatic steatosis and ALT with SHBG has not been investigated in humans.