Clinical efficacy of 0.1% cyclosporine A in dry eye patients with inadequate responses to 0.05% cyclosporine A: a switching, prospective, open-label, multicenter study.

Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy of 0.1% cyclosporine A (CsA) in dry eye patients who have shown inadequate responses to previous treatment with 0.05% CsA.

Dry Eye Syndrome in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of dry eye syndrome (DES) in children under 18 years old before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using nationwide population-based cohort analysis.

Methods: This study utilized the database provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the Korean National Health Insurance Service. We used claims-based data for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between October 8, 2020, and December 31, 2021, and those without a diagnosis of COVID-19.

Herpesviral Keratitis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of NHIS Database in Korea.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of herpesviral keratitis associated with 4 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines approved in South Korea, using large-scale data from the National Health Insurance Service.

Methods: The study included 8,528,254 individuals, with cohorts categorized based on COVID-19 vaccination status. Two investigations were conducted: The first aimed to assess the risk of new-onset herpesviral keratitis while the second study focused on the risk of relapse in individuals with a preexisting diagnosis.

Clinical Comparison of Keratitis according to the Initial Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Smear: A Retrospective Study in South Korea.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of keratitis according to the result of the initial potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of cases with keratitis between January 2000 and December 2019 at two tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the KOH smear result (KOH-positive and KOH-negative group), and its clinical factors were analyzed.

A Case Report of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus and Meningitis After COVID-19 Vaccination.

There are several reports that herpes zoster characterized by reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can occur. Herein, we report VZV meningitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), and late neurotrophic keratitis after receiving a second dose of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine. A 74-year-old man developed a vesicular skin rash on the forehead, scalp, nose, and left upper eyelid with a severe headache.

Clinical characteristics of dry eye with ocular neuropathic pain features: comparison according to the types of sensitization based on the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey.

Background: To compare the clinical characteristics of dry eye patients with ocular neuropathic pain features according to the types of sensitization based on the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey (OPAS).

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 33 patients with dry eye and ocular neuropathic pain features. All patients had a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including detailed history, the intensity and duration of ocular pain, the tear film, ocular surface, and Meibomian gland examination, and OPAS.

Therapeutic Effect of Topical Adiponectin-Derived Short Peptides Compared with Globular Adiponectin in Experimental Dry Eye and Alkali Burn.

To evaluate the efficacy of adiponectin (APN)-derived short peptides (ADPs) 355 compared with globular APN in a mouse model of experimental dry eye (EDE) and corneal alkali burn. EDE and chemical burn were induced in C57BL/6 mice by desiccating stress and application of NaOH, respectively. Eye drops consisting of 0.

The influences of smartphone use on the status of the tear film and ocular surface.

Purpose: To investigate the influences of smartphone use on ocular symptoms, status of the tear film, and oxidative stress indices in the tears and at the ocular surface.

Methods: Eighty healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Subjective symptoms and asthenopia were evaluated using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), visual analogue scale (VAS), and computer vision syndrome (CVS) score before and after smartphone or computer display (control) use.

Comparison of 0.1%, 0.18%, and 0.3% Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drops in the Treatment of Experimental Dry Eye.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of 0.1%, 0.18%, and 0.

Effectiveness of Combined Tear Film Therapy in Patients with Evaporative Dry Eye with Short Tear Film Breakup Time.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined tear film therapy targeted to aqueous, mucin, and lipid layers in patients with refractory evaporative dry eye (EDE) with short tear film breakup time (TBUT).

Methods: The patients who had EDE with short TBUT and severe symptoms refractory to artificial tears were treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) 0.15% and diquafosol tetrasodium (DQS) 3% (Group 1), HA and carbomer-based lipid-containing eyedrops (Liposic EDO Gel, LPO) (Group 2), or HA, DQS, and LPO (Group 3).

Macrophage Phenotype in the Ocular Surface of Experimental Murine Dry Eye Disease.

To evaluate the phenotype of macrophages in the cornea and conjunctiva of C57BL/6 mice with induced experimental dry eye. C57BL/6 mice exposed to desiccating stress (DS) were evaluated at 1, 5, and 10 days and C57BL/6 mice maintained in non-stressed environment were used as controls. Whole eyes and adnexa were excised for histology or used for gene expression analysis.

Age-Related Conjunctival Disease in the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 Mouse Model of Sjögren Syndrome Develops Independent of Lacrimal Dysfunction.

Purpose: To investigate parameters of ocular surface disease in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 (Aec) mice with aging and their correlation with development of Sjögren syndrome (SS)-like lacrimal gland (LG) disease.

Methods: Aec and C57BL/6 wild-type (B6) female mice were evaluated at 4, 12, and 20 weeks of age.

Kimura disease involving a caruncle.

A 35-year-old woman presented with history of a painless, slow-growing nodule in a left eye caruncle over the last 2 months. The visual acuity was 20 / 20 and the ocular movements were in the normal range. The venereal disease research laboratory test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum angiotensin converting enzyme level, and chest radiograph were all normal.

Therapeutic effect of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone in the treatment of endothelial graft rejection: a pilot study.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection in the treatment of endothelial graft rejection and the expression of T-helper type 1 (Th-1) chemokines in the aqueous humor.

Methods: Eleven patients (11 eyes) with acute endothelial graft rejection underwent IVTA (4 mg/0.1 mL) injection in addition to conventional treatment, including systemic and topical steroids and cyclosporine A (group A); 13 patients (13 eyes) received conventional treatment only (group B).

Expression of CCR5 and its ligands CCL3, -4, and -5 in the tear film and ocular surface of patients with dry eye disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the expression of CCR5 and its ligands CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 in the tear film and ocular surface and their correlation with disease severity in patients with dry eye disease.

Materials And Methods: The concentrations of CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in tear samples obtained from forty-three patients with dry eye (17 SS and 26 non-SS patients) and 20 control subjects. The correlation between chemokine levels and tear film and ocular surface parameters was analyzed.

Usefulness of double vital staining with 1% fluorescein and 1% lissamine green in patients with dry eye syndrome.

Purpose: To determine the relative staining characteristics of the nasal and temporal conjunctiva as compared with other measures of dry eye and evaluate the qualitative clinical impression of the utility of the double vital staining with fluorescein and lissamine green.

Methods: Ocular surface staining was performed with a mixture of 1% fluorescein and 1% lissamine green in 50 patients with dry eye (12 patients with Sjögren syndrome and 38 patients with non-Sjögren syndrome). Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear breakup time (BUT), and Schirmer test were evaluated.

Application of umbilical cord serum eyedrops for recurrent corneal erosions.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of umbilical cord serum eyedrops for the treatment of patients with recurrent corneal erosions.

Methods: Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients with recurrent corneal erosions were studied. Eighteen eyes were treated with 20% umbilical cord serum eyedrops in addition to artificial tears (group A), and 17 eyes received artificial tears only (group B).

Clinical aspects and prognosis of mixed microbial (bacterial and fungal) keratitis.

Purpose: To investigate the predisposing factors, clinical presentations, treatment results, and prognosis of keratitis caused by mixed infectious agents (bacteria and fungi).

Methods: This is a retrospective study of cases with mixed bacterial and fungal keratitis, presented between January 2000 and December 2007 at a tertiary referral hospital. The study was performed to identify and analyze its risk factors, causative microbial organisms, clinical features, and therapeutic outcomes.