Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis Provides Direct Evidence for Identifying the Source of Residual Pesticides Diazinon and Procymidone in the Soil-Plant System.

Compound-specific isotope analysis stands as a promising tool for unveiling the behavior of pesticides in agricultural environments. Using the commercial formulations of persistent fungicide procymidone (PRO) and less persistent insecticide diazinon (DIA), respectively, we analyzed the concentration and carbon isotope composition (δC) of the residual pesticides through soil incubation experiments in a greenhouse (for 150 days) and lab conditions (for 50-70 days). Our results showed that the magnitude of δC variation depends on pesticide specificity, in which PRO in the soil exhibited little variation in δC values over the entire incubation times, while DIA demonstrated an increased δC value, with the extent of δC variability affected by different spiking concentrations, plant presence, and light conditions.

3-Methylcatechol mediates anti-fecundity effect by inhibiting estrogen-related receptor-induced glycolytic gene expression in Myzus persicae.

Aphids are a major problem in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry by feeding on leaves and stems, causing discoloration, leaf curling, yellowing, and stunted growth. Although urushiol, a phenolic compound containing a catechol structure, is known for its antioxidant and anticancer properties, using small molecules to control aphids via catechol-mediated mechanisms is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of 3-methylcatechol (3-MC) on Myzus persicae fecundity.

Does Better Diet Quality Offset the Association between Depression and Metabolic Syndrome?

Several studies have shown that depression increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is often exacerbated by the fact that both exist concurrently. People with depression are more likely to have unhealthy eating habits, which can eventually trigger the development of MetS. This study was to investigate whether diet quality modifies the association between depression and MetS in a total of 13,539 Korean adults aged 19 to 80 from 2014, 2016 and 2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Stable Isotope Analysis of Residual Pesticides via High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Elemental Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry.

To broaden the range of measurable pesticides for stable isotope analysis (SIA), we tested whether SIA of the anthranilic diamides cyantraniliprole (CYN) and chlorantraniliprole (CHL) can be achieved under elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry with compound purification in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using this method, carbon isotope compositions were measured in pesticide residues extracted from plants (lettuce) grown indoors in potting soil that were treated with 500 mg/kg CHL and 250 mg/kg CYN and were followed up for 45 days. Our results show that the CYN and CHL standard materials did not have significant isotope differences before and after clean-up processing in HPLC.

Graph Convolutional Network for 3D Object Pose Estimation in a Point Cloud.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are neural networks that learn the representation of nodes and associated edges that connect it to every other node while maintaining graph representation. Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNs), as a representative method in GNNs, in the context of computer vision, utilize conventional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to process data supported by graphs. This paper proposes a one-stage GCN approach for 3D object detection and poses estimation by structuring non-linearly distributed points of a graph.

Evaluation of sulfuric acid-pretreated biomass-derived biochar characteristics and its diazinon adsorption mechanism.

In this study, hemicellulose was mostly removed from biomass (larch and oak) using a sulfuric acid pretreatment. Biochar was then prepared from raw and pretreated biomass using a carbonization process. Biochar derived from pretreated biomass had an aromatic and graphitized structure, and functional groups were observed on the surface.

Simultaneous Analysis of Fenpropimorph and Fenpropimorph Acid in Six Different Livestock Products Using a Single-Sample Preparation Method Followed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Pesticides in livestock products must be measured to ensure food safety. We developed a single-sample preparation method followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for simultaneous determination of fenpropimorph and fenpropimorph acid in six different livestock products. The extraction method was a modification of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and was validated according to the CODEX guidelines.

Development and validation of a gas chromatography method for the determination of β-caryophyllene in clove extract and its application.

The purpose of this study is to check the effectiveness of the analysis method that separates and quantifies β-caryophyllene among clove extracts and validate according to current ICH guidelines. The β-caryophyllene was active constituent of clove buds. The developed method gave a good detection response.

Aphid estrogen-related receptor controls glycolytic gene expression and fecundity.

Aphids, the major insect pests of agricultural crops, reproduce sexually and asexually depending upon environmental factors such as the photoperiod and temperature. Nuclear receptors, a unique family of ligand-dependent transcription factors, control insect development and growth including morphogenesis, molting, and metamorphosis. However, the structural features and biological functions of the aphid estrogen-related receptor (ERR) are largely unknown.

Biosurfactants Induce Antimicrobial Peptide Production through the Activation of Spatzles in .

Biosurfactant immunomodulatory activities in mammals, nematodes, and plants have been investigated. However, the immune activation property of biosurfactants in insects has not been reported. Therefore, here, we studied the defense response triggered by lipopeptides (fengycin and iturin A), glycolipids (rhamnolipid), and cyclic polypeptides (bacitracin) in the coleopteran insect, mealworm .

Investigation of Flavor-Forming Starter subsp. lactis LDTM6802 and subsp. LDTM6803 in Miniature Gouda-Type Cheeses.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role in dairy fermentations, notably as cheese starter cultures. During the cheese production and ripening period, various enzymes from milk, rennet, starter cultures, and non-starter LABs are involved in flavor formation pathways, including glycolysis, proteolysis, and lipolysis. Among these three pathways, starter LABs are particularly related to amino acid degradation, presumably as the origins of major flavor compounds.

Effect of β-caryophyllene from Cloves Extract on Eradication in Mouse Model.

New antibacterial treatments against are needed as is acquiring antibiotic resistance. β-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene, with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This study investigates the effects of H-002119-00-001 from β-caryophyllene on the eradication of in a mouse model, and its effects on the inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

Gelatin-based micro-hydrogel carrying genetically engineered human endothelial cells for neovascularization.

Cell delivery systems based on micro-hydrogels may facilitate the long-term survival of cells upon transplantation. Micro-hydrogels may effectively support cell proliferation, attachment, and migration in ischemic environments. In this study, we report the fabrication of a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)-based micro-hydrogel for efficient in vivo delivery of genetically engineered endothelial cells.

Tissue adhesive, rapid forming, and sprayable ECM hydrogel via recombinant tyrosinase crosslinking.

We report on a tissue adhesive hydrogel based on novel recombinant tyrosinase mediated crosslinking. The adhesive hydrogels were fabricated by the site-directed coupling of tyramine-conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA_t, 1% w/v) and gelatin (3% w/v) (HG_gel) with novel tyrosinase derived from Streptomyces avermitilis (SA_Ty). The enzyme-based crosslinking by SA_Ty was fast, with less than 50 s for complete gelation, and the SA_Ty based crosslinking enhanced the physical properties and adhesive strength of the hydrogel significantly with the native tissue samples.

Comparative analysis of the microbial communities in raw milk produced in different regions of Korea.

Objective: The control of psychrotrophic bacteria causing milk spoilage and illness due to toxic compounds is an important issue in the dairy industry. In South Korea, Gangwon-do province is one of the coldest terrains in which eighty percent of the area is mountainous regions, and mainly plays an important role in the agriculture and dairy industries. The purposes of this study were to analyze the indigenous microbiota of raw milk in Gangwon-do and accurately investigate a putative microbial group causing deterioration in milk quality.

Antibacterial Activity of Pharbitin, Isolated from the Seeds of , against Various Plant Pathogenic Bacteria.

This study aimed to isolate and characterize antibacterial metabolites from seeds and investigate their antibacterial activity against various plant pathogenic bacteria. The methanol extract of seeds showed the strongest activity against pv. (Xap) with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 250 μg/ml.

Development of a bio-magnetic measurement system and sensor configuration analysis for rats.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) based on superconducting quantum interference devices enables the measurement of very weak magnetic fields (10-1000 fT) generated from the human or animal brain. In this article, we introduce a small MEG system that we developed specifically for use with rats. Our system has the following characteristics: (1) variable distance between the pick-up coil and outer Dewar bottom (∼5 mm), (2) small pick-up coil (4 mm) for high spatial resolution, (3) good field sensitivity (45∼ 80fT/cm/Hz), (4) the sensor interval satisfies the Nyquist spatial sampling theorem, and (5) small source localization error for the region to be investigated.

Hydrogel Functionalized Janus Membrane for Skin Regeneration.

In this study, a hydrogel functionalized Janus membrane is developed and its capacity is examined as a wound dressing biomaterial. A hydrophobic fluoropolymer, poly(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate) (PHFDMA), is uniformly coated onto macroporous polyester membrane through initiated chemical vapor deposition process on both sides. PHFDMA-coated macroporous membrane exhibits antibacterial property, allows air permeation, and inhibits water penetration.

Biological Control of Meloidogyne incognita by Aspergillus niger F22 Producing Oxalic Acid.

Restricted usage of chemical nematicides has led to development of environmentally safe alternatives. A culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger F22 was highly active against Meloidogyne incognita with marked mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2s) and inhibition of egg hatching. The nematicidal component was identified as oxalic acid by organic acid analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).

Nematicidal Activity of Kojic Acid Produced by Aspergillus oryzae against Meloidogyne incognita.

The fungal strain EML-DML3PNa1 isolated from leaf of white dogwood (Cornus alba L.) showed strong nematicidal activity with juvenile mortality of 87.6% at a concentration of 20% fermentation broth filtrate at 3 days after treatment.

Effectiveness of Periodic Treatment of Quercetin against Influenza A Virus H1N1 through Modulation of Protein Expression.

Kimchi, a traditional fermented food regularly consumed in Korea, contains various types of antimicrobial compounds. Among the tested compounds present in common spices used in Kimchi, quercetin showed the highest selectivity index against influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1. In this study, the effect of pretreatment and periodic treatment with quercetin against IAV in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells was observed.

Quorum sensing is a key regulator for the antifungal and biocontrol activity of chitinase-producing Chromobacterium sp. C61.

Chromobacterium sp. strain C61 has strong biocontrol activity; however, the genetic and biochemical determinants of its plant disease suppression activity are not well understood. Here, we report the identification and characterization of two new determinants of its biocontrol activity.

In vitro antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants traditionally used in Vietnam against human pathogenic bacteria.

Background: Medicinal plants are widely used for the treatment of different infectious diseases. Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have a large impact on public health. This study aimed to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of the medicinal plants traditionally used in Vietnam against the bacterial strains associated with infectious diseases.

Synthesis of Terminal Allenes via a Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling Reaction of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids.

Synthesis of terminal allenes via a copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction was developed. Aryl alkynyl carboxylic acid, paraformaldehyde, and dicyclohexylamine were reacted with CuI (20 mol %) in diglyme at 100 °C for 2 h to produce the terminal allene in moderate to good yields. The method showed good functional group tolerance.