The Nuclear DNA Content Determination of 31 Endemic Freshwater Fishes in Korea.

The main purpose of the current study was to obtain nuclear DNA content data among the representatives of the families and subfamilies of 31 endemic fishes that inhabit river of Korea. DNA contents of 31 endemic species were observed to rang from 1.5 to 4.

A review of studies on Oryzias dancena.

Oryzias dancena (Beloniformes; Teleostei), is a euryhaline teleost that mainly inhabits the brackish or freshwater of river mouths and estuaries around the Bay of Bengal and the Malay Peninsula. It also has a short interval between generations, with spawning possibilities just 60 days after hatching. The aim of this paper is to provide a review for the study of O.

Factors Predicting the Need for Early Surgical Intervention for Small Bowel Obstruction.

Purpose: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common disease that requires hospitalization. The most common cause of SBO is postoperative adhesion. Delayed timing of operations in patients who need surgical intervention results in mortality or morbidity.

Changing Salinity Affects Hematological and Histological Response in Hybrids and Hybrid Triploids between River Puffer, and Tiger Puffer, .

We investigated the physiological responses of the river puffer, the tiger puffer, , a hybrids of the two (river puffer×tiger puffer) and a hybrid triploids to acute changes of salinity from 30 psu to 0 psu and from 0 psu to 30 psu. The blood and plasma factors of each species were elevated for 48, 72, or 96 hrs, and thereafter decreased due to hyper-osmoregulation and hypo-osmoregulation. In hyper-osmoregulation and hypo-osmoregulation, the cortisol concentration of river puffer, hybrids, hybrid triploids and tiger puffer increased for 12 or 48 hrs, and decreased thereafter.

The Sterilization Effect of Methylene Blue, Formalin, and Iodine on Egg and Adult Stage of Marine Medaka, .

The sterilization effects of methylene blue (MB), formalin, and iodine on the egg of marine medaka, , were investigated for disinfecting naididae worm, through sterilization. To determine harmfulness of MB, formalin, and iodine, lethal concentrations 50 (LC) of three chemicals were analyzed in the eggs of marine medaka. The sterilized periods of each chemical were set at 1 hr.

The Anesthetic Effects of Clove Oil and MS-222 on Far Eastern Catfish, .

The objective of this study is to evaluate the anesthetic effects of clove oil and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) on the Far Eastern catfish, , by measuring the times to anesthesia and recovery. Each anesthetic effect of clove oil and MS-222 was tested in two groups of fish with different body sizes: a group of small fish (mean body length: 15.5±1.

Karyotypic Analysis of Chicken Grunt, , Small Yellow Croaker, , and Brown Croaker, .

To clarify the cytogenetic features of the chicken grunt, , small yellow croaker, , and brown croaker, , in Jeju, Korea, karyotype analysis was performed. The karyotype of chicken grunt and brown croaker consists of 24 pairs of telocentrics [2n=48, fundamental number (FN)=48], and small yellow croaker consists of 3 pairs of submetacentrics and 21 pairs of telocentrics (2n=48, FN=54). No evidence of polymorphism, including aneuploidy or sex-related heteromorphic chromosomes, was found in any specimens examined in this study.

Anaesthetic Efficacy and Physiological Response of Clove Oil and Lidocaine-HCl on River Puffer, and Tiger Puffer, .

The effects of the anaesthetic agents, clove oil and mixture of clove oil with lidocaine-HCl were evaluated on river puffer, and tiger puffer, . Anaesthesia times of clove oil were affected by water temperature (20℃, 24℃, and 28℃) and salinity (10, 20, and 30 ppt). Anaesthesia times of mixed samples were significantly similar with regard to exposure and recovery times, and all samples satisfied anaesthesia criteria (exposure time within 3 min and recovery time within 5 min) under the various temperatures and salinities, and the lowest to highest concentration of anaesthetics (<0.

The Effect of Sodium Nitrite Exposure on Physiological Response of Starved Far Eastern Catfish, .

The experiment was conducted for 210 days to determine the effect of feeding, and starvation, and exposure to sodium nitrite (NaNO) on the survival, physiological changes, hematological parameter, and stress response of Far Eastern catfish, . The survival of the starved group was lower than that of the fed group during the experiment. Starvation resulted in retardation of growth, which provides an example of fish that failed to continue to grow and remain in a good condition.

Comparative Analysis of Fluctuating Asymmetry between Ploidy and Sex in Marine Medaka, .

The purpose of this study is to examine fluctuating asymmetry of eye diameter, maxilla length, operculum length, and the number of pectoral fin ray and pelvic fin ray between ploidy and sex in diploid and triploid marine medaka, . In all experimental groups, eye diameter and maxilla length showed no significant difference between left side and right side (>0.05).

Morphometric Characteristics of Diploid and Triploid Marine Medaka, .

The morphometric truss characteristics and classical dimensions of the marine medaka, , that might distinguish diploid and triploid fish were examined. Significant differences in all the classical and truss dimensions of the diploid and triploid fish were observed in both sexes (<0.01).

Pysiological Responses of Diploid and Triploid Far Eastern Catfish, to Water Temperature Stress.

The aim of study is to contribute to this knowledge-base by investigating the respiratory function, the metabolic rate and the difference of physiological responses un-der low water temperature (20℃→15℃) stress be-tween diploid and triploid far eastern catfish, . During the 48 hrs of water temperature stress exposure time, the respiratory frequencies, CO and NH concentrations of diploid had higher values than those of triploid (<0.05).

Temperature Dependent of Mitotic Interval for Grass Puffer, .

The objective of this study was to determine the mitotic intervals (τ) of two consecutive cell divisions and synchronous embryonic cleavage in grass puffer, at different water temperatures (18, 20, 22, and 24℃). The color of the fertilized egg was light yellowish. The egg type was demersal and unadhesive.

Change of Various Characteristics between Spawning and Non-spawning Season in Diploid and Induced Triploid Far Eastern Catfish, .

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences fatty acids and hormonal parameters in the spawning and non-spawning season between the diploid and induced triploid Far Eastern catfish, . The measured triploids were produced by cold shock for 50 min at 4℃ in May 2014, the spawning season of diploid was in May, and the non-spawning season was designated in January. Estradiol and testosterone and gonadosomatic index of diploid were higher than those of induced triploid in spawning season (0.

Starvation-induced Physiological Responses and RNA/DNA Ratios in Rock Bream, , and Olive Flounder, .

In a 12-week experiment, the rock bream, , and olive flounder, , were investigated to determine the effects of starvation on their physiological parameters. The protein and DNA contents of the starved fish were significantly higher than the initial values and those of the fed fish. The RNA contents and RNA/DNA ratios of the fed fish were significantly higher than those of the other groups (0.

Comparative Analysis of Tissue and Cell Cycle on the Far Eastern Catfish, between Diploid and Triploid.

The influence of triploidization on histological characteristics of retina, trunk kidney, liver and midgut tissue, and cell cycle of tail fin and gill tissue in far eastern catfish, were analyzed. In the infertile triploid fish, the nucleus and/or cell size of secondary proximal tubule cells of trunk kidney, hepatocyte and midgut epithelium are much larger than those of the corresponding cells in the diploid fish (<0.05).

Various Characteristics of Hybrid between River Puffer, and Tiger Puffer, , and Their Hybrid Triploid.

A comparison of the growth, hematological values, fatty acids, and gonadal and growth hormonal changes of river puffer, , tiger puffer, , their hybrids (river puffer × tiger puffer) and hybrid triploids was performed during 3 months of their early growth period. Several features were observed during these 3 months: hybrids showed the highest levels of specific growth rate, 1.48%; hybrid triploids showed the smallest change in viscera fat (<0.

Effects of Cryoprotectants and Diluents on the Cryopreservation of Spermatozoa from Far Eastern Catfish, .

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cryopreservation methods for conservation of spermatozoa from far eastern catfish, . The spermatozoa activity index (SAI) and hatching rates were higher in spermatozoa stored in Alserver's solution than those of spermatozoa stored in glucose solution. The SAI and hatching rates in all experimental groups gradually decreased with increasing duration of storage.

Morphometric Characteristic between Diploid and Spontaneous Triploid Carp in Korea.

We used flowcytometry to ploidy verification after that investigate difference between diploid and spontaneous triploid through the truss dimension and classical dimension at crucian carp, , crucian carp and common carp, collected from Hangang river, Hantangang river, Imjingang river, Geumgang river, Yeongsangang river and Nakdonggang river, Korea. There were significant differences among the three species for the truss dimensions anterior origin of dorsal fin (2)× anterior origin of anal fin (5), 2× anterior origin of pelvic fin (6), 2× origin of pectoral fin (7), posterior origin of dorsal fin (3)×5, 3×6, and 3×7 (<0.05).

Effects of Clove Oil and Lidocaine-HCl Anesthesia on Water Parameter during Simulated Transportation in the Marine Medaka, .

Optimum concentrations of anesthetic clove oil and anesthetic lidocaine-HCl were determined for a species of adult marine medaka, , over a range of salinity conditions, and investigated in a transport simulation experiment by analyzing various water and physiological parameters. Research indicated that the higher the concentration of anesthetic at each salinity, the shorter the anesthesia time at each salinity. At each concentration, fish were anesthetized slower at water salinities over 10 ppt (<0.

Morphometric Characteristics and Fin Dimorphism between Male and Female on the Marine Medaka, .

Sexual dimorphism is the most conspicuous difference between the sexes. This study examines possible sexual dimorphism and the relative growth patterns of morphometric characteristics in the marine medaka, for their potential to help differentiate between males and females of this species. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated by a non-linear regression method were L=30.

Comparative Study of Growth and Gonad Maturation in Diploid and Triploid Marine Medaka, .

The marine medaka, is a suitable sample as a laboratory animal because it has a small size and clearly distinguishes between female and male. Data on the growth and maturity of the diploid and triploid sea cucurbit species suitable for laboratory animals are very useful for studying other species. Triploidy was induced in the marine medaka by cold shock treatment (0°C) of fertilized eggs for 45 min, applied two minutes after fertilization.

Gonadogenesis and Sex Differentiation in the Korean Rose Bitterling, ).

This report describes the sex differentiation of the Korean rose bitterling, , from hatching to 170 days post-hatch (DPH) in relation to total length (TL), body weight (BW), and integral water temperature (IWT). The growth curve of TL from just hatching to 83 DPH was 5.144e (² = 0.

Lack of association between LRRK2 G2385R and cognitive dysfunction in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease.

Aside from the glucocerebrosidase gene, the genetic risk factors for cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD) are controversial. We investigated whether the G2385R polymorphism in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2), a risk variant for the development of PD in East Asians, is associated with cognitive dysfunction in PD. We recruited 299 PD patients, consisting of 23 carriers and 276 non-carriers of LRRK2 G2385R, from 14 centers.

α-Synuclein in the colon and premotor markers of Parkinson disease in neurologically normal subjects.

Extranigral non-motor signs precede the first motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease by many years in some patients. The presence of α-synuclein deposition within colon tissues in patients with Parkinson's disease can aid in identifying early neuropathological changes prior to disease onset. In the present study, we evaluated the roles of non-motor symptoms and signs and imaging biomarkers of nigral neuronal changes and α-synuclein accumulation in the colon.