Cytopathologic features of human papillomavirus-independent, gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma.

Background: Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GEA) is unrelated to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and is clinically aggressive compared with HPV-associated usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (UEA). The cytological diagnosis falls short of a definitive diagnosis of GEA and is often categorized as atypical glandular cells (AGCs). To improve cytologic recognition, cytological findings of HPV-independent GEA were analyzed and the results compared with HPV-associated UEA.

Alteration of CYP4A11 expression in renal cell carcinoma: diagnostic and prognostic implications.

: Cytochrome P-450 4A11 (CYP4A11) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) are expressed at high levels in renal proximal tubules, and upregulation of CYP4A11 protein levels is known to be influenced by PPAR agonists. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological role of CYP4A11 expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). : We performed immunohistochemical analysis of CYP4A11, CYP4A22 and PPARα and correlated the results with the clinicopathological features of RCC (n=139).

High nuclear NADPH oxidase 4 expression levels are correlated with cancer development and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a key source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aimed to verify NOX2 and NOX4 expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 134 matched pairs of HCC cells and non-tumour hepatocytes from 134 patients were examined by immunohistochemical staining, and the association of NOX2 and NOX4 expression with clinicopathological parameters was analysed.

Immunohistochemical expression of CD44, matrix metalloproteinase2 and matrix metalloproteinase9 in renal cell carcinomas.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to investigate the clinicopathologic values of the expression of CD44, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, and MMP9 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Patients And Methods: A total of 107 clear cell RCCs (ccRCCs) and 32 nonclear cell RCCs (non-ccRCCs) were examined for CD44, MMP2, and MMP9 expression by immunohistochemistry. The membrane and cytoplasmic expression levels of the 3 proteins were scored by semiquantitative methods, and the correlations of the 3 proteins with clinicopathological parameters were verified.

Profiling cytochrome P450 family 4 gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cytochrome P450 family 4 (CYP4) enzymes are known as microsomal omega (ω)-hydroxylases that metabolize fatty acids, eicosanoids, vitamin D and carcinogens. Thus, CYP4 enzymes may influence tumor development and progression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the CYP4 expression profile in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical relevance.

Nuclear Expression of CD133 Is Associated with Good Prognosis in Patients with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.

Background/aim: Prominin-1 (CD133) has been suggested as a potential marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various cancer types. The aim of this study was to compare CD133 expression between adenoma cells, colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC) cells, and tumor microenvironment cells (TMEs) in terms of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and to investigate the clinicopathological value of CD133 expression in CRACs as a prognostic marker.

Materials And Methods: A total of 58 adenomas and 132 primary and 27 metastatic CRACs were examined for CD133 expression by immunohistochemistry.

Phosphorylated Protein Kinase C (Zeta/Lambda) Expression in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Its Correlation with Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognosis.

Protein kinase C zeta/lambda (PKCζ/λ) is a family of protein kinase enzymes that contributes to cell proliferation and regulation, which are important for cancer development. PKCζ/λ has been shown to be an important regulator of tumorigenesis in intestinal cancer. The phosphorylated form of PKCζ/λ, p-PKCζ/λ, is suggested as an active form of PKCζ/λ.

Association of PD-L1 expression and PD-L1 gene polymorphism with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1)/programmed death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) interaction has been linked to tumor immune evasion. PD-L1 expression has been indicated in identifying non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients for treatment with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic values of PD-L1 expression and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PD-L1 gene in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC).

No Detection of Episomal or Integrated High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinomas among Korean Population.

Objectives: High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is known to be a representative cancer-causing agent in the genital and head and neck regions. Many studies have detected hrHPV DNA in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. However, hrHPV-etiologic correlation in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma remains unclear.

Up-regulation of Cytoplasmic CD24 Expression Is Associated with Malignant Transformation but Favorable Prognosis of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.

Aim: Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is known to be a putative marker of stem cell and tumor metastasis. This study aimed to verify the clinicopathological value of CD24 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC).

Materials And Methods: A total of seven whole-tissue sections of malignant polyps including the sequence non-neoplastic colorectal tissue-adenoma-CRAC, 48 adenomas and 161 CRACs arranged as tissue microarray were examined by immunohistochemistry for CD24 protein expression.

Differential microscopic finding and glucose transporter 3 expression in terminal chorionic villi among birth weight-discordant twin placentas.

Objective: To evaluate differences in microscopic findings and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) expression in terminal chorionic villi (TV) among birth weight-discordant twin (BWDT) placentas compared with the birth weight-concordant twin (BWCT) placentas.

Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of 26 BWDT, 10 BWCT, 10 pre-eclampsia singleton and 10 normal singleton pregnancies. Placentas were scored for the percentage of TV, the percentage of TV with syncytial knots, the presence of capillary branching patterns of TV, the capillary to terminal villous ratios, the membranous expression of GLUT3 and the nuclear expression of HIF-1α in trophoblasts and capillary endothelial cells of TV using immunohistochemistry.

Differential expression of Yes-associated protein and phosphorylated Yes-associated protein is correlated with expression of Ki-67 and phospho-ERK in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator and functions as a nuclear downstream effector of the Hippo pathway. Differential expression of YAP and phosphorylated Yes-associated protein (pYAP), which are involved in the expression of Ki-67 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC), is not clear. Herein, we hypothesized that nuclear expression of YAP could predict cell proliferation and poor prognosis, while cytoplasmic expression of pYAP would show a reverse correlation with cell proliferation.

Expression of sonic hedgehog signaling molecules in normal, hyperplastic and carcinomatous endometrium.

The aim of the present study was to determine the expression profile of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling molecules in normal, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous uterine endometrium. For this purpose, 271 endometrial tissue samples, (62 of normal endometrium, 127 of endometrial hyperplasias, and 82 endometrial adenocarcinomas) were studied using antibodies recognizing Hh-related signaling proteins, such as, sonic hedgehog (Shh), Patched (PTCH), Smoothened (Smo), Suppressor of fused [Su(Fu)], Gli-1, Gli-2, and Gli-3 by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of these molecules was also assessed on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Enhanced CD24 expression in endometrial carcinoma and its expression pattern in normal and hyperplastic endometrium.

CD24 is known to be an important diagnostic and prognostic marker of several major cancers affecting females. We aimed to determine CD24 expression in normal, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous endometrium and its correlation with estrogen and progesterone receptor expression. A total of 271 cases including 62 normal/atrophic endometrium cases (47/15), 127 endometrial hyperplasia cases (51/52/24, simple/complex/atypical hyperplasia), and 82 endometrial carcinoma cases were immunohistochemically analyzed by using anti-CD24, ER, and PR antibodies that were embedded on paraffin blocks.

Mutations of the BRAF gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma in a Korean population.

The B-type Raf kinase (BRAF) protein is a serine/threonine kinase that has an important role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death. The BRAF gene has been recently found to be mutated in human carcinomas, predominantly in malignant melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of the BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) of Koreans through direct DNA sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- amplified exon 15 with clinicopathological features.