Engineering the Coherent Phonon Transport in Polar Ferromagnetic Oxide Superlattices.

Artificial superlattices composed of perovskite oxides serves as an essential platform for engineering coherent phonon transport by redefining the lattice periodicity, which strongly influences the lattice-coupled phase transitions in charge and spin degrees of freedom. However, previous methods of manipulating phonons have been limited to controlling the periodicity of superlattice, rather than utilizing complex mutual interactions that are prominent in transition metal oxides. In this study on oxide superlattices composed of ferromagnetic metallic SrRuO and quantum paraelectric SrTiO, phonon modulation by controlling the geometry of superlattice in atomic-scale precision is realized, demonstrating the coherent phonon engineering using structural and magnetic phase transitions.

Individual domain characteristics determined by second-harmonic generation diffractometer for multi-domain multiferroics.

We investigated the multi-domain states of a multiferroic La-doped BiFeO (BLFO) thin film by examining diffraction patterns in optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurement. By directing a laser onto the domain wall within the domain-patterned sample, we observed clear diffraction signatures of SHG waves generated from two ferroelectric domains. We explained the experimental results of the diffraction patterns, including the intensity distribution and the polarization characteristics, using Fresnel propagation of SHG waves.

Real-time dynamics of angular momentum transfer from spin to acoustic chiral phonon in oxide heterostructures.

Chiral phonons have recently been explored as a novel degree of freedom in quantum materials. The angular momentum carried by these quasiparticles is generated by the breaking of chiral degeneracy of phonons, owing to the chiral lattice structure or the rotational motion of ions of the material. In ferromagnets, a mechanism for generating non-equilibrium chiral phonons has been suggested, but their temporal evolution, which obeys Bose-Einstein statistics, remains unclear.

Deterministic Orientation Control of Ferroelectric HfO Thin Film Growth by a Topotactic Phase Transition of an Oxide Electrode.

The scale-free ferroelectricity with superior Si compatibility of HfO has reawakened the feasibility of scaled-down nonvolatile devices and beyond the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) architecture based on ferroelectric materials. However, despite the rapid development, fundamental understanding, and control of the metastable ferroelectric phase in terms of oxygen ion movement of HfO remain ambiguous. In this study, we have deterministically controlled the orientation of a single-crystalline ferroelectric phase HfO thin film via oxygen ion movement.

Higher Fat-Related Body Composition Measurement and Lower Resting-State Inter-Network Functional Connectivity of APOE ε4 Carrier in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients With Aβ Deposition.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the impact of interaction between APOE ε4 carrier status and body composition measurements on intra- and inter-regional functional connectivity (FC) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with Aβ deposition.

Methods: MCI patients with and without APOE ε4 allele (carrier, n=86; non-carrier, n=95) underwent neuropsychological battery, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, positron emission tomography scans with [18F]flutemetamol, and bioelectrical impedance analysis for measuring body composition. We employed a priori defined regions of interest to investigate the intra- and inter-network FC profiles of default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and salience network.

Giant Enhancement of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Dimensionality-Controlled SrRuO Heterostructures.

Electrons in crystals interact closely with quantized lattice degree of freedom, determining fundamental electrodynamic behaviors and versatile correlated functionalities. However, the strength of the electron-phonon interaction is so far determined as an intrinsic value of a given material, restricting the development of potential electronic and phononic applications employing the tunable coupling strength. Here, it is demonstrated that the electron-phonon coupling in SrRuO can be largely controlled by multiple intuitive tuning knobs available in synthetic crystals.

Production of Cinnamaldehyde through Whole-Cell Bioconversion from -Cinnamic Acid Using Engineered .

Cinnamaldehyde (CAD) has various applications in foods and pharmaceuticals and has gained prominence as a potent nematicide in agricultural research owing to its nematicidal activity. However, conventional methods of CAD production, including extraction from plants or organic chemical synthesis, are environmentally hazardous and limit its utilization for downstream applications. Here, we engineered as a whole-cell biocatalyst for the efficient bioconversion of -cinnamic acid (-CA) into CAD.

Production of trans-cinnamic acid by whole-cell bioconversion from L-phenylalanine in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Background: trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) is a phenylpropanoid with a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and it also has high potential in food and cosmetic applications. Although significant progress has been made in the production of t-CA using microorganisms, its relatively low product titers still need to be improved. In this study, we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as a whole-cell catalyst for the bioconversion of L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) into t-CA and developed a repeated bioconversion process.

Possible Persistence of Multiferroic Order down to Bilayer Limit of van der Waals Material NiI.

Realizing a state of matter in two dimensions has repeatedly proven a novel route of discovering new physical phenomena. Van der Waals (vdW) materials have been at the center of these now extensive research activities. They offer a natural way of producing a monolayer of matter simply by mechanical exfoliation.

Alkali fusion using sodium carbonate for extraction of vanadium and tungsten for the preparation of synthetic sodium titanate from spent SCR catalyst.

Alkali fusion method to extract vanadium and tungsten from spent SCR catalyst and to simultaneously prepare synthetic sodium titanate for the purpose of preparation of feedstock for TiO manufacturing by hydrometallurgical processing was investigated. Based on the NaO-TiO phase diagram and experimentally obtained results, appropriate alkali-fusion temperature and molar ratio (MO/NaO + MO) were determined to prepare soluble vanadium, tungsten salts, and sodium titanate. As results, the extraction efficiency of vanadium and tungsten was >99% and sodium titanate as feedstock for making TiO was obtained under the following alkali fusion conditions: Temperature, 950 °C; reaction time, 20 min; molar ratio, 0.