Age-related changes in the vestibulothalamic pathway: Association with balance ability and subjective visual vertical of vestibular function.

Introduction: The thalamus regulates various sensory information to each related brain area. The vestibular nucleus transmits information of motor control to the thalamus regulating coordination function. The vestibulothalamic tract (VTT) is a neural pathway between the vestibular nucleus and thalamus that processes vestibular information for postural balance and spatial perception.

Analytical approaches to flavor research and discovery: from sensory-guided techniques to flavoromics methods.

This review examines analytical methodology for food flavor analysis. Traditionally, flavor chemistry research has relied on sensory-guided chromatography techniques to identify individual compounds responsible for aroma or taste activity. Among the over 12,000 volatile compounds identified in foods, hundreds have been linked to aroma characteristics, and many taste-active compounds have also been discovered.

Response inhibition as a critical executive function in differentiating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive attention test study.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are both associated with impairment in executive function, particularly in complex attention. Although previous studies using clinical assessments have attempted to delineate differences between these disorders, the findings have been inconclusive. Our study aims to elucidate the differences of endophenotype between ASD, ADHD, and their co-occurring condition utilizing a uniform computerized test.

A comparative study of vestibular projection connectivity and balance in healthy young adults and elderly subjects.

Objective: Vestibular function is controlled by interactions between various neuropathways that have different effects on balance and are connected to various brain areas. However, few studies have investigated the relation between changes in VN connectivity and aging using neuroimaging. We investigated neural connectivities in the vestibular nucleus (VN) and ventralis intermedius (VIM) nucleus of the thalamus in young and old healthy adults by diffusion tensor imaging.

Multiple risk-taking behaviors in Korean adolescents and associated factors: 2020 and 2021 Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey.

Objective: Despite the negative health impact of multiple risk-taking behaviors (RTBs), there is a lack of understanding of adolescents who are more prone to multiple RTBs. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic, mental, and physical health variables associated with increased susceptibility to multiple RTBs in each sex.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 2020 and 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was used.

Injury of the Vestibulocerebellar Tract and Signs of Ataxia in Patients with Cerebellar Stroke.

Background: The vestibulocerebellar tract (VCT) is responsible for maintaining balance, spatial orientation, and coordination. Damage to the vestibular system is accompanied by symptoms of balance disorder or ataxia. This study aimed to compare cerebellar dysfunction according to VCT damage in patients with cerebellar stroke.

Validation of the AOAC method for analyzing fatty acids in meat by-products for the Korean Food Composition Database.

Unlabelled: The constituents of meat and meat by-product are susceptible to degradation processes, especially, the control of oxidative processes is critical. The main factors that influence their lipid oxidation are fat content and fatty acid composition. The aim of this study was to validate AOAC method 996.

Effect of amino acids in the Maillard reaction products generated from the reaction flavors of (mealworm) protein and d-xylose.

In this study, (mealworm) protein and reducing sugar were thermally reacted without (MP-RF) or with amino acids (MPA-RFs, A is then replaced with three-letter abbreviation of amino acid used in the reaction), and their Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and sensory characteristics were compared to explore the amino acids that contributed to desirable meat-related odor attributes in MP-RF. The odor characteristics perceived from MP-RF were changed based on the amino acid that was added to MP-RF and then reacted. Noticeably, a 'dried shrimp-like' attribute, which was the most intense in MP-RF, was weakened in all MPA-RFs.

Injury of the vestibulocerebellar tract in a patient with intracerebral hemorrhage: A case report.

Objective: The vestibulocerebellar tract (VCT) is an important pathway of the central vestibular system, and plays a role in posture reflexes as well as perception of the head and body motion in spatial direction. We report on a patient with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), who showed injury of the VCT, which was demonstrated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Case Description: This study recruited an 81-year-old male patient presented with quadriparesis due to ICH on both cerebellar hemispheres and 5 control subjects.

Comparative study of vestibular projection pathway connectivity in cerebellar injury patients and healthy adults.

Objective: Cerebellar injury can not only cause gait and postural instability, nystagmus, and vertigo but also affect the vestibular system. However, changes in connectivity regarding the vestibular projection pathway after cerebellar injury have not yet been reported. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated differences in the connectivity of the vestibular projection pathway after cerebellar injury using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography.

The effect of roasting on capsaicinoids, volatile compounds, and fatty acids in L. (red pepper) seeds.

Capsaicinoids, volatile compounds, and fatty acids were analyzed in red pepper seeds to determine any changes at different roasting temperatures. The contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin decreased as roasting temperatures increased. 3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine, 2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)pyrazine, 1-methylpyrrole, hexanedial, benzeneacetaldehyde, 2-acetylfuran, and butane-2,3-diol were newly detected in red pepper seeds roasted at 100 °C.

Associations Between Injury of the Parieto-Insular Vestibular Cortex and Changes in Motor Function According to the Recovery Process: Use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) injury can cause symptoms such as abnormal gait and affects the integration and processing of sensory inputs contributing to self-motion perception. Therefore, this study investigated the association of the vestibular pathway in the gait and motor function recovery process in patients with PIVC injury using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We recruited 28 patients with stroke with only PIVC injury and reconstructed the PIVC using a 1.

Reduced Volume of a Brainstem Substructure in Adolescents with Problematic Smartphone Use.

Objectives: Despite the growing concern regarding the adverse effects related to problematic smartphone use (PSU), little is known about underlying morphologic changes in the brain. The brainstem is a deep brain structure that consists of several important nuclei associated with emotions, sensations, and motor functions. In this study, we sought to examine the difference in the volume of brainstem substructures among adolescents with and without PSU.

The aroma profile and aroma-active compounds of (kale) tea.

This study was to understand characteristic aroma properties of kale tea made by roasting kale leaves by profiling its aroma composition and screening its aroma-active compounds. Secondary metabolites of glucosinolates such as ally isothiocyanate, 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, 3-methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate, and 5-methylthiazole were the primary aroma compounds of raw kale but were less abundant in kale tea. Dimethyl trisulfide, cyclohex-2-en-1-ol, benzeneacetaldehyde, and 4-vinylguaiacol were quantitatively major aroma compounds in kale tea.

Anatomical Location of the Vestibulocerebellar Tract in the Healthy Human Brain: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

The vestibulocerebellar tract (VCT) is regarded as an important pathway of the central vestibular system. We identified the anatomical characteristics of the primary and secondary VCTs in a normal human brain using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. Thirty-one healthy adults were recruited.

Injury of the lateral vestibulospinal tract in a patient with the lateral medullary syndrome: Case report.

Rationale: Lateral medullary syndrome is a central vestibular disorder characterized by vertigo and ataxia. We report on a patient with injury of the lateral vestibulospinal tract (VST) following lateral medullary syndrome, detected on diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).

Patient Concerns: A 56-year-old male patient was diagnosed with lateral medullary syndrome due to an infarction in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery area.

Aroma Characteristics of Raw and Cooked Larvae (Mealworms).

This study compared aroma compositions and sensory aroma attributes of raw and cooked larvae (mealworms). Main sensory aroma attributes of raw mealworms were strong wet-soil-like, and less-intense oily, shrimp-like and sweet-corn-like. Quantitatively, the major aroma components of raw mealworms were hydrocarbons and aldehydes.

Psychosocial Support during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea: Activities of Multidisciplinary Mental Health Professionals.

As of April 18, 2020, there have been a total of 10,653 confirmed cases and 232 deaths due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea. The pathogen spread quickly, and the outbreak caused nationwide anxiety and shock. This study presented the anecdotal records that provided a detailed process of the multidisciplinary teamwork in mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak in the country.

Three-Dimensional Identification of the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus in the Human Brain: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Background: The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) interacts with eye movement control circuits involved in the adjustment of horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements. In this study, we attempted to identify and investigate the anatomical characteristics of the MLF in human brain, using probabilistic diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography.

Methods: We recruited 31 normal healthy adults and used a 1.

Relations between gait characteristics and subjective visual vertical results in young adults.

Objective: Subjective visual vertical (SVV) deviation can indicate impairments of motion perception and spatial orientation in individuals with vestibular disorders. This study investigated the influence of SVV on tandem gait ability by assessing differences between temporal, spatial, and kinematic characteristics in young adults.

Methods: We recruited sixteen young adults with increased SVV and 17 age-matched control subjects.

Associations between Age-Related Changes in the Core Vestibular Projection Pathway and Balance Ability: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Objective: We investigated the changes of the vestibulospinal tract (VST) and parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and relation to balance between old and young healthy adults.

Methods: This study recruited eleven old adults (6 males, 5 females; mean age 63.36 ± 4.

Comparison of volatile profiles in (buckwheat) prepared with different starter cultures during fermentation.

This study investigated the differences and changes in the volatile profiles of buckwheat (BS) inoculated with multiple microbial starters ( + , BS-LA vs.  + , BS-LB) during fermentation using SPME coupled with GC-MS and partial least square-discriminant analysis. BS samples fermented for 5 weeks could be differentiated from other BS samples with shorter fermentation periods, and the BS-LA and BS-LB samples fermented for 5 weeks were separated.

The difference of gait characteristic according to the variety of dual tasks in young healthy adults.

Background: Walking in daily life is often accompanied by an attention-demanding task, which requires a different attentional load and external environments. Therefore, various gaits require complex and systematic interactions between several nervous systems, such as sensory association, cognitive functions, and the musculoskeletal system.

Objective: Dual-task conditions during gait can affect the interaction between cognitive processing and motor behavior.

Age as a Moderator of Social Skills Intervention Response Among Korean Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Few studies have investigated the effect of age on treatment effectiveness of evidence-based social skills training in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) adolescents. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) in different ages of ASD adolescents. A total of 110 ASD adolescents aged 11-19 years were divided into early, middle, and late adolescence groups, and the changes in outcome measures following intervention were compared among the three groups.

Change in profiles of volatile compounds from two types of (buckwheat) during fermentation.

(buckwheat) is one of the traditional soybean pastes in Korea. This study profiled and compared volatile compounds between traditionally manufactured (TBS) and commercially modified buckwheat (CBS) according to their fermentation periods. More volatile compounds were generated and non-uniform increases or decreases in volatiles were more common during TBS fermentation.