[Surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma--with modified conservative operation].

During the past 10 years 26 patients were operated on for pulmonary aspergilloma (20 males and six females, mean age of 55.8 years). Lung resections were performed on 13 cases (Group 1).

Thrombolytic and pharmacokinetic properties of an immunoconjugate of single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and a bispecific monoclonal antibody against fibrin and against u-PA in baboons.

Targeting of plasminogen activators to the fibrin component of a thrombus with the use of monoclonal antibodies (MA) directed against human fibrin may enhance their thrombolytic potency and fibrin-specificity. The thrombolytic and pharmacokinetic properties of rscu-PA/MA-FU1-74, an immunoconjugate of recombinant single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (rscu-PA) and a bispecific MA directed against u-PA and against the beta-chain of human fibrin (MA-FU1-74), were investigated in baboons with a [125I]fibrin-labeled autologous blood clot in the femoral vein. Continuous intravenous infusion of rscu-PA/MA-FU1-74 (1:1.

Beneficial effects of TCV-309, a novel potent and selective platelet activating factor antagonist in endotoxin and anaphylactic shock in rodents.

Pharmacological profiles of a novel specific platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist, TCV-309 (3-bromo-5-[N-phenyl-N-[2-[2- (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-isoquinolycarbonyloxy)ethyl] carbamoyl]ethyl] carbamoyl]-1-propylpyridinium nitrate] and its beneficial effects in shock were examined. TCV-309 specifically inhibited PAF-induced aggregation of rabbit and human platelets, and [3H]PAF binding to rabbit platelet microsomes with IC50 values of 33, 58 and 27 nM, respectively. It was as potent as WEB 2086 and more potent than CV-6209 and CV-3988.

[Rapid detection of mycobacteria in sputa using media supplemented with culture filtrate of Gemella haemolysans].

The effect of the culture filtrate Gemella haemolysans in enhancing mycobacterial growth has been previously demonstrated. In the present studies, an attempt was made to confirm whether the addition of the filtrate into the medium would be an effective method to promote the rapid detection of mycobacteria in sputum specimens of patients. One-hundred and one sputum specimens pretreated with NaOH were inoculated with various media (Dubos, Dubos-agar, 1% Ogawa, Kudo PD, and Middlebrook 7H9) supplemented with the culture filtrate of Gemella haemolysans grown in blood-BHI or blood-HEM at the dilutions of 1/32 or 1/64.

[Cavernoplasty for pulmonary aspergillosis associated with restrictive ventilatory impairment].

Nine patients were diagnosed as suffering from localized pulmonary aspergillosis associated with restrictive ventilatory impairment. Eight cases reportedly received a combination of thoracoplasty and cavernoplasty, while one case received only cavernoplasty. The following postoperative courses were observed in these nine patients: of the eight patients having combined thoracoplasty and cavernoplasty, seven patients were cured as the result of successful cavity closures.

[Role of surgical treatment in atypical mycobacteriosis of the lung].

During the 15 year period from January, 1976 to September, 1990, we treated 77 patients with atypical mycobacteriosis (AM) of the lung surgically with satisfactory results. There were 56 men and 20 women, a ratio of 2.9 : 1.

Involvement of thromboxane A2, leukotrienes and free radicals in puromycin nephrosis in rats.

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), leukotrienes (LTs) and free radicals are considered to be possible mediators in the induction of glomerular injury and proteinuria. In this study, we examined the involvement of these three mediators and the protective effect of simultaneous inhibition of all three in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis in rats. A single intraperitoneal injection of PAN (100 mg/kg) induced massive proteinuria and enhanced production of TXA2 and LTs from arachidonic acid in renal cortical slices and renal glomeruli, and increased malondialdehyde levels in plasma, urine and renal cortex.

[A case of pulmonary aspergillosis complicated with perforated empyema--indication of thoracoplasty, cavernoplasty and extraperiosteal detachment].

We reported one case of pulmonary aspergillosis secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, which perforated to the pleural space and was complicated with chronic empyema. We performed thoracoplasty, cavernoplasty and extraperiosteal detachment. The type and indications of cavernoplasty we use are also described.

[Study on postoperative perforation in patients with chronic empyema--reoperated cases].

In 18 cases undergone reoperation because of perforation after the initial operation for primary and secondary chronic empyema during the period from 1974 through August 1986, we evaluated findings of fistula, procedures and causes of failure of the initial operation, and procedures and results of reoperation. Subjects consisted of 16 cases of chronic empyema complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, 1 case of group III nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, and 1 case of chronic empyema secondary to pulmonary fibrosis. All patients had fistula at the initial operation.

Changes in total body potassium, hemoglobin and bromine space after hypokinesia and physical exercise.

It has been demonstrated that hypokinesia diminished muscular activity induces changes in several biochemical total body parameters, including those of potassium, hemoglobin and bromine spaces. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the composition of the body in 5 essentially healthy men, aged 19-23 years, after a 60 days exposure to hypokinesia (HK). For the simulation of the hypokinetic effect the men were kept under a rigorous bed rest regime.

High intensity areas on noncontrast T1-weighted MR images in cerebral infarction.

Among 46 noncontrast magnetic resonance studies on patients with cerebral infarction, 11 showed areas of high signal intensity of the involved brain on T1-weighted images. These areas were more frequent in cerebral or cerebellar cortical lesions. Lacunar infarcts in lenticular nuclei, internal capsules, corona radiata, or brain stem did not show any high signal intensity areas on T1-weighted images, whereas the thalamic infarcts did.

The role of thromboxane (TX) A2 in rabbit arterial thrombosis induced by endothelial damage.

To clarify the role of thromboxane (TX) A2 in arterial thrombus formation, we examined the antithrombotic effects of both a TXA2 synthetase inhibitor (CV-4151) and a TXA2 receptor antagonist (AA-2414) on the rabbit common carotid artery thrombosis which was induced by injury of the endothelium by treatment with 0.25% pronase solution. CV-4151 (1,10 mg/kg, p.

[Treatment of secondary empyema following lung resection complicated with internal fistula].

To clarify the results of treatment of secondary empyema following lung resection complicated with internal fistula, 81 cases treated at 31 different institutions during the 5 years period from 1983 to 1987 were analysed. 1) All cases of thoracic empyema treated surgically and secondary empyema following lung resection complicated with internal fistula did not decreased during the study period, in spite of the remarkable decrease of surgical cases for pulmonary tuberculosis. 2) The highest rate was observed in males over 50 years of age.

Antagonistic action of AA-2414 on thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor in platelets and blood vessels.

AA-2414, (+/-)-7-(3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-7-phenylheptanoi c acid, inhibited the aggregation of guinea pig platelets induced by a prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2) analogue, U-44069 and the specific binding of another analogue, [3H]U-46619 to washed guinea pig platelets with IC50 values of 3.1 x 10(-7) and 8.2 x 10(-9) M, respectively.

[A case of empyema after plastic ball plombage cured by air-plombage method].

Conventionally, thoracoplasty has been conducted for empyema space after removal of plastic ball for empyema cases after plastic ball plombage. We applied air-plombage method for empyema as a new operative technique. The patient was a 56-year-old man who had had 37 plastic balls implanted for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis 39 years ago.

[A study on selection of operative technique for chronic empyema based on findings obtained from reoperated cases].

In 13 patients undergone reoperation for chronic empyema during 9 years period from 1975 to 1983, the operative technique employed for the initial treatment, number of operations, findings of fistula and residual cavity and complications associated with each technique were reviewed with following results. Among these reoperated patients, the initial operation was thoracic cavity reduction in 5 cases, pulmonary detachment in 6 cases and air-plombage (Kinchu method) in 2 cases. Reoperation was carried out in a total of 27 times.

[Treatment of thoracic empyema in recent 6 years; analysis of 944 cases in Japan].

944 cases of thoracic empyema were treated surgically in a 6-year period (from 1981 through 1986) in 37 institutions under supervision of Ryoken. Preoperative backgrounds, operative modes and surgical results are evaluated. Preoperative backgrounds are as follows; Acute cases comprised only 5.

Platelet activating factor antagonists: synthesis and structure-activity studies of novel PAF analogues modified in the phosphorylcholine moiety.

New analogues of platelet activating factor (PAF), in which the phosphate and trimethylammonium moieties were replaced with an acylcarbamoyl moiety and a quaternary cyclic ammonium group, were synthesized. Their biological activities as PAF antagonists were evaluated by the inhibition of PAF-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro and protective effects on PAF-induced hypotension in rats and PAF-induced death in mice. Investigation of structure-activity relationships revealed that PAF antagonist activity is strongly influenced by the acyl substituent of the nitrogen atom on the carbamoyl group and the nature of the polar head group at the 3-position of the glycerin backbone.

Endothelin-induced sudden death and the possible involvement of platelet activating factor (PAF).

Endothelin (5 nmol/kg, i.v.) caused a transient hypotension followed by a lasting hypertension in rats.

The thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist activity of CV-4151, a thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor.

The thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide (TXA2/PGH2) receptor antagonist activity of CV-4151, a potent TXA2 synthetase inhibitor, was examined. CV-4151 inhibited guinea pig and human platelet aggregation induced by U-44069 with IC50 values of 1.2 +/- 0.

A lethal role of platelet activating factor in anaphylactic shock in mice.

The lethal role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in anaphylactic shock was examined in mice, using the specific PAF antagonist, CV-3988. CV-3988 (0.3-3 mg/kg i.