Does globalization and financial sector development affect environmental quality? A panel data investigation for the Middle East and North African countries.

The broad purpose of this study is to empirically explore the impact of globalization and financial development on environmental pollution by carbon (CO) emissions in the six Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries using balanced panel data from 1971 to 2015. We also aimed to test the legitimacy of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for this region. The fixed-effects approach preferred by the Hausman specification test is used to estimate the empirical model, and the feasible generalized least squares (F.

Pedestrian injuries and fatalities by patterns in reported road traffic crashes--Islamabad.

Objective: To find the main cause behind pedestrian injuries and fatalities and to categorise the information on the basis of key indicators.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in Islamabad, Pakistan, and was based on the officially-lodged First Information Reports of roadside accidents involving pedestrians over a period of 3 years from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2010. The reports were collected from the Islamabad Police Department and relevant information was extracted on a pre-designed questionnaire having 40 kinds of variables.