Development and In Vitro Characterization of Azadirachta Indica Gum Grafted Polyacrylamide Based pH-Sensitive Hydrogels to Improve the Bioavailability of Lansoprazole.

The present study intended to develop a pH-responsive hydrogel based on Neem gum (Ng) to improve Lansoprazole (LSP) oral bioavailability. Azadirachta Indica seed extract was used to obtain Ng. pH-responsive hydrogel formulations (F1-F9) were prepared using different Ng ratios, Acrylamide (AAm), and methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA).

Synthesis, characterization, pharmacological and computational evaluation of hyaluronic acid modified chebulinic acid encapsulated chitosan nanocomposite for cancer therapy.

The purpose of this study was to produce hyaluronic acid customized nanoparticles with chitosan for the delivery of chebulinic acid (CLA) to enhance its anticancer potential against breast cancer. A significant portion of CLA was encapsulated (89.72 ± 4.

Mucoadhesive, Fluconazole-Loaded Nanogels Complexed with Sulfhydryl-β-cyclodextrin for Oral Thrush Treatment.

The objective of this study was to generate fluconazole-loaded mucoadhesive nanogels to address the problem of hydrophobicity of fluconazole (FL). An inclusion complex was formulated with sulfhydryl-β-CD (SH-β-CD) followed by nanogels formation by a Schiff base reaction of carbopol 940 (CA-940) and gelatin (GE). For characterization, PXRD, FT-IR analysis, drug content, and phase solubility studies were performed.

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: A versatile approach to enhance the oral delivery of BCS class III drug via hydrophobic ion pairing.

Biopharmaceutical classification systems (BCS) class III drugs belongs to a group of drugs with high solubility in gastrointestinal (GI) fluids and low membrane permeability result in significantly low bioavailability. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) considered a suitable candidate to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by improving their membrane permeability, however, incorporating hydrophilic drugs in to these carriers remained a great challenge. The aim of this study was to develop hydrophobic ion pairs (HIPs) of a model BCS class-III drug tobramycin (TOB) in order to incorporate into SEDDS and improve its bioavailability.

Enhanced Intestinal Permeability of Cefixime by Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System: In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Characterization.

Background: Cefixime (CFX) belongs to a group of third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics with low water solubility and low intestinal permeability, which ultimately leads to significantly low bioavailability.

Aim: This study aimed to increase solubility, improve drug release, and intestinal permeability of CFX by loading into SEDDS.

Methods: Suitable excipients were selected based on drug solubility, percent transmittance, and emulsification efficiency.

Corrigendum to "Life-Threatening Severe Thrombocytopenia and Mild Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Brucellosis".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2023/6608279.].

Life-Threatening Severe Thrombocytopenia and Mild Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Brucellosis.

Methods: We report the case of a 73-year-old Saudi female who presented with severe thrombocytopenia and mild autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with brucellosis. The coexistence of published cases of two hematological disorders with brucellosis is rare.

Results: Despite the initial treatment with eltrombopag and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), our patient's platelets count remained low and significantly improved after initiation of brucellosis treatment in the form of rifampicin and doxycycline.

Nano-Formulation Based Intravesical Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview of Versatile Approaches to Improve Urinary Bladder Diseases.

Intravesical drug delivery is a direct drug delivery approach for the treatment of various bladder diseases. The human urinary bladder has distinctive anatomy, making it an effective barrier against any toxic agent seeking entry into the bloodstream. This screening function of the bladder derives from the structure of the urothelium, which acts as a semi-permeable barrier.

Fenugreek seed mucilage grafted poly methacrylate pH-responsive hydrogel: A promising tool to enhance the oral bioavailability of methotrexate.

This study aimed to develop the Fenugreek seed mucilage-based pH-responsive hydrogel system in order to improve the oral bioavailability of methotrexate (MTX). Fenugreek seed mucilage (FSM) was extracted from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. F1-F9 formulations of pH-responsive hydrogels were prepared using various FSM ratios, methacrylic acid (MAA), and methylene bis acrylamide (MBA) via free radical polymerization technique.

Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Epalrestat SBE-β-CD Complex Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and in-vivo Pharmacokinetic Evaluation.

Background: Epalrestat (EPL) is a carboxylic acid derivative with poor aqueous solubility and its pharmacokinetic features are not fully defined.

Purpose: Current research aimed to fabricate inclusion complexation of EPL with SBE β-CD (IC) and EPL/SBE β-CD CS NPs (NP).

Methods: EPL was complexed with SBE β-CD using the co-precipitation method, and the prepared complex was fabricated into nanoparticles using the ionic gelation method.

Utilization of Gelling Polymer to Formulate Nanoparticles Loaded with Epalrestat-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex: Formulation, Characterization, In-Silico Modelling and In-Vivo Toxicity Evaluation.

Epalrestat (EPL) is an aldose reductase inhibitor with poor aqueous solubility that affects its therapeutic efficacy. The research study was designed to prepare epalrestat-cyclodextrins (EPL-CDs) inclusion complexes to enhance the aqueous solubility by using beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sulfobutyl ether₇ β-CD (SBE β-CD). Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) of EPL-CDs were developed using chitosan (CS) and sodium tripolyphosphate (sTPP).

Diabetic retinopathy service delivery and integration into the health system in Pakistan-Findings from a multicentre qualitative study.

This paper is based on qualitative research carried out in a diabetic retinopathy (DR) programme in three districts of Pakistan. It analyses the organisation and delivery of DR services and the extent to which the interventions resulted in a fully functioning integrated approach to DR care and treatment. Between January and April 2019, we conducted 14 focus group discussions and 37 in-depth interviews with 144 purposively selected participants: patients, lady health workers (LHWs) and health professionals.

Oral bioavailability studies of niosomal formulations of Cyclosporine A in albino rabbits.

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant agent. Two niosomal formulations of CsA, F and FSB were formulated. Both formulations were studied in terms of size, polydispersity index (PDI), morphology and entrapment efficacy etc.

Understanding the role of lady health workers in improving access to eye health services in rural Pakistan - findings from a qualitative study.

Background: In 1994, the Lady Health Workers (LHWs) Programme was established in Pakistan to increase access to essential primary care services and support health systems at the household and community levels. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province in northern Pakistan, eye care is among the many unmet needs that LHWs were trained to address, including screening and referral of people with eye conditions to health facilities. However, despite an increase in referrals by LHWs, compliance with referrals in KPK has been very low.

Zeta potential changing nanoemulsions based on a simple zwitterion.

Hypothesis: Simple zwitterions used as auxiliary agents might have the potential to change the zeta potential of oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions on the mucosa.

Experiments: The zwitterion phosphorylated tyramine (p-Tyr) was synthesized by phosphorylation of Boc-tyramine (Boc-Tyr) using phosphoryl chloride (POCl). It was incorporated with 2% (m/v) in a self-emulsifying lipophilic phase comprising Captex 35, Cremophor EL, Capmul MCM and glycerol 85 at a ratio of 30:30:30:10 v/v.

Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems: Hydrophobic Drug Polymer Complexes Provide a Sustained Release in Vitro.

The aim of this study was to develop hydrophobic ionic drug polymer complexes in order to provide sustained drug release from self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). Captopril (CTL) was used as an anionic model drug to form ionic complexes with the cationic polymers Eudragit RS, RL, and E. Complexes of polymer to CTL charge ratio 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1 were incorporated in two SEDDS, namely FA which was 40% Kolliphor RH 40, 20% Kolliphor EL, and 40% castor oil and FB, which was 40% Kolliphor RH 40, 30% glycerol, 15% Kolliphor EL, and 15% castor oil.

S-Protected thiolated nanostructured lipid carriers exhibiting improved mucoadhesive properties.

The purpose of the present study was to design nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) exhibiting improved mucoadhesive properties. First, an S-protected thiolated fatty acid conjugate was synthesized by amide bond formation between a primary amino group of l-cystine and palmitic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide. NLCs were prepared by nano-template engineering technique using Span 60, polysorbate 80, sucrose stearate and PEG 400 as surfactant mixture, stearic acid as solid lipid and miglyol as liquid lipid.

Image-guided catheter drainage in loculated pleural space collections, effectiveness, and complications.

Introduction: Image-guided drainage is an established technique with a multitude of applications. The indications, techniques, and management of image-guided catheter drainage, however, continue to evolve. Image-guided drainage alone is sometimes sufficient for the treatment of a collection, but it can also act as an adjunct or temporizing measure before definitive surgical treatment.

About the impact of superassociation of hydrophobic ion pairs on membrane permeability.

Aim: The study was aimed to investigate the impact of superassociation of hydrophobic ion pairs (HIPs) on membrane permeability.

Methods: Toluidine blue O (TBO) as a cationic model compound was complexed with anionic counter ions having different physiochemical properties namely dodecanoate (DD), oleate (OL), deoxycholate (DC), docusate (DO) and dodecyl sulfate (DS). TBO HIPs were characterized regarding log P, zeta potential and stability over 8 h at pH 7.

Development, characterization and evaluation of anti-fungal activity of miconazole based nanogel prepared from biodegradable polymer.

Topical candidiasis is a known skin fungal infection which is usually treated by conventional dosage forms such as cream, gel, emulgel which are having numerous adverse effects on skin. To overcome such disadvantages, different novel drug delivery systems have been considered. Polymer based nano-particulate systems have shown good skin penetration after topical application.

Per-6-Thiolated Cyclodextrins: A Novel Type of Permeation Enhancing Excipients for BCS Class IV Drugs.

The purpose of the study was to develop a per-6-thiolated α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) by substituting all primary hydroxyl groups of α-CD with thiol groups and to assess its solubility-improving and permeation-enhancing properties for a BCS Class IV drug in vitro as well as in vivo. The primary hydroxyl groups of α-CD were replaced by iodine, followed by substitution with -SH groups. The structure of per-6-thiolated α-CD was approved by FT-IR and H NMR spectroscopy.

Tetradeca-thiolated cyclodextrins: Highly mucoadhesive and in-situ gelling oligomers with prolonged mucosal adhesion.

The purpose of this study was to synthesize a highly mucoadhesive tetradeca-thiolated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) by replacement of all primary OH groups at C-6 position and all secondary OH groups at C-2 position of β-CD backbone viaSH groups and to evaluate its rheological and mucoadhesive properties in-vitro. Primary and secondary OH groups of β-CD were substituted by SH groups using a microwave-assisted method. The structure of tetradeca-thiolated β-CD was confirmed by FTIR and H NMR spectroscopy.

Hydrophobic H-bond pairing: A novel approach to improve membrane permeability.

The aim of the present study was to develop hydrophobic H-bond pairs (HHPs) of leuprolide (LEU) with non-ionic surfactants to improve its membrane permeability. LEU was lipidized via hydrophobic H-bond pairing (HHP) with the sucrose esters (SEs) sucrose laurate HLB 15 (SLA-15), sucrose palmitate HLB 16 (SPA-16), sucrose stearate HLB 11 (SST-11) and sucrose stearate HLB 15 (SST-15). HHPs were evaluated regarding precipitation efficiency in water, zeta potential, log P and dissociation behavior at various pH over time.

Zeta potential changing self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: A promising strategy to sequentially overcome mucus and epithelial barrier.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to develop zeta potential changing self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) via a flip-flop mechanism in order to improve their mucus permeating and cellular uptake properties.

Methods: Phosphorylated serine-oleylamine (p-Ser-OA) conjugates were synthesized and incorporated into SEDDS at a concentration of 1% (v/v). Cytotoxic potential of p-Ser-OA and p-Ser-OA loaded SEDDS was investigated on Caco-2 cells.