The impact of fellowship training on current practice patterns and the job market: a survey of Fellowship Council graduates.

Background: General surgery has changed significantly over the last decades, with the need for advanced training and expertise. The Fellowship Council (FC) accredits fellowships that train approximately 200 fellows annually. This study aimed to analyze FC graduates' perceptions of training, current practices, and the job market.

Unveiling Immunological and Hematological Markers in COVID-19: Insights from a Clinical Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global health system and economies largely. Therefore, knowledge about the clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with COVID-19 would help in the management and prognosis of the disease. The immunological and hematological indices have emerged as critical determinants for the severity of the disease and the prognosis; however, association with COVID-19 is clouded.

A Population-Level Validation of the New 9th Edition of the American Joint Commission on Cancer Staging System for Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background And Objectives: The staging system for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) was recently revised, downstaging selected node-positive patients and upstaging some with larger tumors. We aimed to validate this staging system using a population-based cohort.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was analyzed to identify adult ASCC patients.

Splenic flexure adenocarcinoma: A national cohort analysis of extent of surgical resection and outcomes.

Aim: The optimal extent of resection for splenic flexure adenocarcinoma remains debated. These tumours straddle the left- and right-sided vasculature with lymphatic drainage in a watershed area; current guidelines recommend either segmental or extended colectomy. We analysed surgical management of splenic flexure tumours and compared outcomes between approaches.

The Role of Tumor Location on Endoscopic and Surgical Management of Malignant Colon Polyps.

Background: Endoscopic polypectomy could be an appropriate, definitive treatment for pathologic T1 (pT1) colon polyps without high-risk features. Prior studies suggested worse prognosis for proximal versus distal advanced-stage colon cancers following curative treatment. However, there is limited evidence on the prognostic impact of tumor location for pT1s.

Novel Insights into Psychosis and Antipsychotic Interventions: From Managing Symptoms to Improving Outcomes.

For the past 70 years, the dopamine hypothesis has been the key working model in schizophrenia. This has contributed to the development of numerous inhibitors of dopaminergic signaling and antipsychotic drugs, which led to rapid symptom resolution but only marginal outcome improvement. Over the past decades, there has been limited research on the quantifiable pathological changes in schizophrenia, including premature cellular/neuronal senescence, brain volume loss, the attenuation of gamma oscillations in electroencephalograms, and the oxidation of lipids in the plasma and mitochondrial membranes.

Pathologic Complete Response, Total Neoadjuvant Therapy and the Survival Paradox in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) after preoperative chemoradiation (nCRT) correlates with improved overall survival for patients with locally advanced rectal cancers (LARCs). Escalation protocols including total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), which delivers multi-agent chemotherapy and chemoradiation before surgery, are associated with increased complete response rates. However, TNT is not associated with improved overall survival.

Uncovering the growing burden of enteric fever: A molecular analysis of Salmonella Typhi antimicrobial resistance.

Enteric fever, a persistent public health challenge in developing regions, is exacerbated by suboptimal socioeconomic conditions, contaminated water and food sources, and insufficient sanitation. This study delves into the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi, uncovering the genetic underpinnings of its resistance. Analyzing 897 suspected cases, we identified a significant prevalence of typhoid fever, predominantly in males (58.

SAGES guidelines for the use of laparoscopy during pregnancy.

Background: When pregnant patients present with nonobstetric pathology, the physicians caring for them may be uncertain about the optimal management strategy. The aim of this guideline is to develop evidence-based recommendations for pregnant patients presenting with common surgical pathologies including appendicitis, biliary disease, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) Guidelines Committee convened a working group to address these issues.

Evaluation of association between center colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm volume and survival among patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: Although correlation between center volume and survival has been reported for several complex cancers, it remains unknown if this is true for colorectal neuroendocrine carcinomas (CRNECs). We hypothesized that higher center annual volume of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm resections would be associated with overall survival (OS) for patients with CRNECs.

Methods: Patients in the National Cancer Database diagnosed with stages I-III CRNEC between 2006 and 2018 and who underwent surgical resection were identified.

Analysis of dataset on reduction of high temperature stress by green net shade alleviate oxidative stress and augments the growth and vase life of gladiolus cut flower.

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of green net shade during staggered planting times on growth, biochemical, antioxidant enzymes and vase life of gladiolus cut flowers. The green net shade effectively reduces the internal temperature, particularly during extremely hot planting times. Under the green net shade conditions, high quality morphological and biochemical observations were observed during the months of March and April planting times.

NSQIP 5-factor modified frailty index and complications after ileal anal pouch anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.

Background: Frailty has been associated with worse postoperative outcomes. The 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) is an objective measure although its validity in measuring frailty in patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) has not been reported.

Methods: This study used the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) targeted proctectomy database.

Management and staging of anal adenocarcinoma in the United States: a population-based analysis.

Background: Anal adenocarcinoma is rare with no standardized treatment regimen or staging system. Therefore, different combinations of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are used in management. Within the staging system, tumor stage can be based on the depth of invasion, as for rectal adenocarcinoma, or size, as in anal squamous cell carcinoma.

A population-based analysis on the incidence of metachronous colon cancer after endoscopic resection of advanced adenomas with high-grade dysplasia: does location matter?

Background: Advanced adenomas (AAs) with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) represent a risk factor for metachronous neoplasia, with guidelines recommending short-interval surveillance. Although the worse prognosis of proximal (vs distal) colon cancers (CCs) is established, there is paucity of evidence on the impact of laterality on the risk of subsequent neoplasia for these AAs.

Methods: Adults with HGD adenomas undergoing polypectomy were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2000-2019).

Perspectives on Referring for Rectal Cancer Surgery: a Survey Study of Gastroenterologist and General Surgeons in Iowa.

Purpose: To understand referral practices for rectal cancer surgical care and to secondarily determine differences in referral practices by two main hypothesized drivers of referral: the rurality of the community endoscopists' practice and their affiliation with a colorectal surgeon.

Methods: Community gastroenterologists and general surgeons in Iowa completed a mailed questionnaire on practice demographics, volume, and referral practices for rectal cancer patients. Rurality was operationalized with RUCA codes.

Epidemiology and survival outcomes of colorectal mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms are a rare subtype of neuroendocrine neoplasm consisting of ≥30% each of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine differentiation. Neuroendocrine carcinomas are poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. The epidemiology and prognosis of colorectal mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and neuroendocrine carcinomas are not clearly defined in the literature.