Is maternal education level associated with diet in 10-year-old children?

Objective: To examine the associations between maternal education level and diet in 10-year-old children.

Design: Three-day diet diaries (child completed with parental help) were collected. Height and weight were measured in research clinics.

Diet throughout childhood and age at menarche in a contemporary cohort of British girls.

Objective: To investigate associations between dietary intakes throughout childhood and age at menarche, a possible indicator of future risk of disease, in a contemporary cohort of British girls.

Design: Diet was assessed by FFQ at 3 and 7 years of age, and by a 3 d unweighed food diary at 10 years. Age at menarche was categorised as before or after 12 years 8 months, a point close to the median age in this cohort.

Influences on child fruit and vegetable intake: sociodemographic, parental and child factors in a longitudinal cohort study.

Objective: To examine the sociodemographic, parental and child factors that predict fruit and vegetable consumption in 7-year-old children.

Design: Diet was assessed using three 1d unweighed food diaries. The child's daily fruit and vegetable consumption was calculated by summing the weight of each type of fruit, fruit juice and vegetable consumed.

Dietary energy density affects fat mass in early adolescence and is not modified by FTO variants.

Background: Dietary energy density (DED) does not have a simple linear relationship to fat mass in children, which suggests that some children are more susceptible than others to the effects of DED. Children with the FTO (rs9939609) variant that increases the risk of obesity may have a higher susceptibility to the effects of DED because their internal appetite control system is compromised. We tested the relationship between DED and fat mass in early adolescence and its interaction with FTO variants.

Smoking during pregnancy and offspring fat and lean mass in childhood.

Objective: Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with obesity in the offspring, but findings have been based mainly on BMI, which is derived from height and weight. This study examined the association between maternal and partner smoking during pregnancy and offspring total fat, truncal fat, and lean mass in childhood.

Research Methods And Procedures: Analysis was based on 5689 white singletons born in 1991-1992 and enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, with maternal smoking data recorded for at least one trimester in pregnancy and their own body composition assessed by DXA at mean age 9.

Associations of size at birth and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of lean and fat mass at 9 to 10 y of age.

Background: Birth weight has been positively associated with risk of overweight in later life. However, little information exists on how weight and length at birth are associated with subsequent lean and total body fat.

Objective: We investigated the association between weight and length at birth and body composition and fat distribution in childhood.

Cross-sectional associations of diet and insulin-like growth factor levels in 7- to 8-year-old children.

Background: The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are polypeptide hormones which are associated with several adult diseases including cancer and coronary heart disease. The dietary determinants of circulating levels of components of the IGF system are of interest, as these may mediate some of the effects of diet on later health. However, few studies have examined the relationship between diet and IGF levels in children.