Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (IRIS) With Reduced Susceptibility to Ethambutol in an HIV-Infected Patient.

Objective: To describe a case of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lymphadenitis complicated by immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS) and reduced susceptibility to ethambutol.

Case Summary: A 24-year-old man was diagnosed in October 2012 with advanced HIV infection upon hospitalization for multiple opportunistic infections (OIs). Within 5 months of starting antiretroviral therapy, the patient developed significant cervical lymphadenopathy concerning for MAC/IRIS.