d-Chiro-Inositol in Clinical Practice: A Perspective from the Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI).

Background: d-Chiro-inositol is a natural molecule that, in association with its well-studied isomer myo-inositol, may play a role in treating various metabolic and gynecological disorders.

Objectives: This perspective seeks to explore the mechanisms and functions of d-chiro-inositol, laying the foundations to discuss its use in clinical practice, across dysmetabolism, obesity, and hormonal dysregulation.

Methods: A narrative review of all the relevant papers known to the authors was conducted.

[Soy beverages and women's health: evidence review and experts opinion].

Soy drinks are an increasingly consumed option within the Western diet. However, there are concerns about potential endocrine disruptor effects and possible impact on women's reproductive health. This review evaluates scientific documents in gynecology and obstetrics under an evidence-based medicine approach.

Inositols: From Established Knowledge to Novel Approaches.

Myo-inositol (myo-Ins) and D-chiro-inositol (D-chiro-Ins) are natural compounds involved in many biological pathways. Since the discovery of their involvement in endocrine signal transduction, myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins supplementation has contributed to clinical approaches in ameliorating many gynecological and endocrinological diseases. Currently both myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins are well-tolerated, effective alternative candidates to the classical insulin sensitizers, and are useful treatments in preventing and treating metabolic and reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and male fertility disturbances, like sperm abnormalities.

Experts' opinion on inositols in treating polycystic ovary syndrome and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a further help for human reproduction and beyond.

: This Experts' opinion provides an updated scientific support to gynecologists, obstetricians, endocrinologists, nutritionists, neurologists and general practitioners on the use of Inositols in the therapy of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and non-insulin dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).: This paper summarizes the physiology of Myo-Inositol (MI) and D-Chiro-Inositol (DCI), two important molecules present in human organisms, and their therapeutic role, also for treating infertility. Some deep differences between the physiological functions of MI and DCI, as well as their safety and intestinal absorption are discussed.

Safety of veralipride for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause.

Objective: Veralipride is a nonhormonal option for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause. Incidence of adverse events in a Mexican population and drug compliance according to correct use were evaluated.

Methods: We carried out a longitudinal, prospective, and analytical study in Mexican women who received veralipride to treat symptoms of menopause from 2011 to 2012.

[Consensus conference of the Mexican Association for the Study of Climateric on veralipride prescription for patients with vasomotor symptoms].

Vasomotor symptoms are one of the main reasons for climateric women to consult a physician. Hormone therapy is the first treatment choice, but it is not indicated to all patients. Veralipride is an option for those who cannot or will not try hormone treatment.

[Antiphospholipid syndrome and human reproduction].

Recurrent pregnancy loss is secondary to multiple illnesses. An important cause sometimes undiagnosed is the antiphospholipid syndrome, an autoimmune disease with various clinical alterations (miscarriage, hypertensive disorders, preterm delivery, vascular thrombosis, intrauterine retard growth, death intrauterine, abruption placentae). There are major and minor clinical criteria and precise indications that guide the physician to its recognition.

[Mechanism of action of insulin sensitizer agents in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome].

Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is the most important endocrine abnormality that affects women in reproductive age. It is characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenemia probably secondary to insulin resistance. Hence insulin sensitizers agents had been used in PCOD.

[Early menarche as a risk factor of breast cancer].

Background: Most of the information in medical literature report diverse factors of breast cancer, which are related to the reproductive life of the woman. It is mentioned that menarche before the 12 years elevates the relative risk of this disease, in comparison with its appearance after the 13 years.

Objective: To determine if early menarche is a risk factor associated to breast cancer.

[Hypogonadism caused by Gorlin-Goltz syndrome].

The Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is a dominant autosomic disorder characterized by cancerigenic predisposition and multiple development defects, apparently without reproductive compromise. The complex is characterized by four primary symptoms, which include nevoid basal cell epitheliomas malignantly prone, keratocystic jaw, skeletal abnormalities and intracranial calcifications. Apparently, reproductive problems reported had been rarely associated with this syndrome.

[Prevalence of postmenopausal simple ovarian cyst diagnosed by ultrasound].

Introduction: The high-resolution ultrasound has taken to discover small ovary cysts in postmenopausal asymptomatic women who in another situation would not been detected; these cysts frequently disappear spontaneously and rarely develop cancer; however, they are treated aggressively.

Objective: To know the prevalence, evolution and treatment of ovary simple cysts in the postmenopausal women in our department, since in our country there are not studies that had analyzed these data.

Material And Methods: We made a retrospective and descriptive study in the Service of Biology of the Human Reproduction of the Hospital Juarez de Mexico, in a four-year period (2000-2003) that included 1,010 postmenopausal women.

[Present usefulness of diagnostic tests in hyperandrogenism].

There are diagnostic tests that allow to differentiate feminine hyperandrogenism of tumorous, non-tumorous, ovarian, adrenal and peripheral origin. We made a review of the current available tests accordingly to a case of amenorrhea and hyperandrogenism. By means of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression and human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) stimulation test we confirmed a suprarenal participation.

[Spermatogenesis arrest].

Spermatogenesis arrest is a complex process of interruption in the differentiation of germinal cells of specific cellular type, which elicits an altered spermatozoa formation. In contrast, hypospermatogenesis is defined as a decrease in number of germ cells and its proportion. Factors identified intervening upon spermatogenesis arrest are: genetic, hormonal, growth factors, interaction between Sertoli and germ cells and ectoplasmic specialization integrity of spermatozoa.

[Insulin sensitizers in the treatment of polycystic ovary].

Polycystic ovary is characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia is known to be associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk and the development of diabetes mellitus. The finding that insulin resistance has important implications in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian disease has elicit the concept of a therapeutic approach of insulin-sensitizing drugs.

[Epidemiological analysis of infertility in a Mexican population].

Background: Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after a year of sexual life without a method of birth control. Most studies indicate that 15% of all couples will experience primary or secondary infertility in some moment of their reproductive life.

Objective: To gain knowledge of general characteristics from patients with infertility in our environment (social, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic) that attended the Reproductive Biology Department of Hospital Juárez de Mexico.

[Absence of antiosteopenic effect of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women].

Background: Several studies suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) stops bone loss in postmenopausal women while increasing their bone mineral density up to 20%; however, there are studies where hormone replacement therapy does not increase bone density, only prevents it.

Objective: To analyze the effect of hormone replacement therapy upon bone mineral density of hip and lumbar spine in postmenopausal women.

Material And Methods: Clinical files of several patients with sudden menopause diagnosis seen at the Hospital Juarez of Mexico were reviewed in the year 2000.

[Craniopharyngioma and its impact upon human reproduction: analysis of 15 cases at the Hospital Juarez de Mexico].

Background: Craniopharyngiomas are intracranial tumors of non-glial origin derived from cellular remnants of the Rathke's pouch. Their frequency is 1-3% of intracranial tumors and 13% of suprasellar neoplasms. Histologically, it is a benign lesion, albeit clinically severe with a high index of relapse and sequelae upon the reproductive function.

[Heterosexual precocious puberty due to arrhenoblastoma. Postsurgical spontaneous pregnancy].

It is presented the case of a female with heterosexual precocious puberty associated to hyperandrogenism and virilization due to arrhenoblastoma, who became pregnant after surgery. Clinical study: a 14-year-old female initiated at age 6 years with premature pubarche and telarche. By age 11, the patient only had one menstrual period along with virilization.

[The impact of prolactinoma in human reproduction].

Aims: Prolactinomas represent a 60% of pituitary tumors with various symptoms, hormonal and reproductive abnormalities.

Objective: Assessment of epidemiology of prolactinomas in our hospital.

Patients And Method: We reviewed the clinical charts of 32 patients seen throughout 1991-2001.

[Epidemiologic assessment of erectile function in a selected mexican population].

Unlabelled: We determined the incidence, epidemiology and type of erectile dysfunction, as well as risk factors related to erectile function in a Mexican population.

Material And Methods: 452 surveys were applied in direct form, integrated by 38 questions with open answers, dichotomics and multiple to men that accompanied patients that requested medical attention in our clinic and to workers of the Hospital Juárez de México, 18 years or older, with active sexual life, that knew how to read and write. An analytic, prospective and transverse study was performed; obtaining the incidence, frequency of presentation (organic or psychological) of erectile dysfunction and the odds ratio of risk factors observed in the study.

[Polycystic ovarian disease: clinical and biochemical expression].

Unlabelled: The policystic ovary (PO) results from a systemic hormonal dysfunction, characterized by hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance and anovulation.

Objective: Assessment was made of clinical and biochemical features of patients with PO.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 211 clinical of charts of patients with ultrasonographic diagnosis of PO seen at the Hospital Juárez de México from 1996 to 2000 was performed.

[Frequency of altered male factor in an infertility clinic].

Unlabelled: Infertility is the incapacity of a couple to conceive after a year of regular sexual life without using a method for family planning. The infertility state is dependent on the female factor as well as masculine factor; an altered masculine factor is designated when any cause or causes of infertility reside in the male. The masculine factor as a cause of infertility is present in 40 to 50% of cases hence the importance of an integral evaluation of male alterations and its fertility.