Bioactive molecules from haloarchaea: Scope and prospects for industrial and therapeutic applications.

Marine environments and salty inland ecosystems encompass various environmental conditions, such as extremes of temperature, salinity, pH, pressure, altitude, dry conditions, and nutrient scarcity. The extremely halophilic archaea (also called haloarchaea) are a group of microorganisms requiring high salt concentrations (2-6 M NaCl) for optimal growth. Haloarchaea have different metabolic adaptations to withstand these extreme conditions.

Surveillance and mitigation of soil pollution through metagenomic approaches.

Soil pollution is one of the serious global threats causing risk to environment and humans. The major cause of accumulation of pollutants in soil are anthropogenic activities and some natural processes. There are several types of soil pollutants which deteriorate the quality of human life and animal health.

Anthropogenic impact accelerates antibiotic resistome diversity in the mangrove sediment of Indian Sundarban.

Mangroves are situated in convergence zones between fresh and marine water and are prone to pollution and deforestation. This study explored the microbiome structure, function and antibiotic resistome of Indian Sundarban. The taxonomic Chao1 estimated diversity was highest in uninhabited Kalash (1204.

Metagenomic insights into taxonomic, functional diversity and inhibitors of microbial biofilms.

Microbial cells attached to inert or living surfaces adopt biofilm mode with self-produced exopolysaccharide matrix containing polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA, for protection from adverse external stimuli. Biofilms in hospitals and industries serve as a breeding ground for drug-resistant pathogens and ARG enrichment that are linked to pathogenicity and also impede industrial production process. Biofilm formation, including virulence and pathogenicity, is regulated through quorum sensing (QS), a means of bacterial cell to cell communication for cooperative physiological processes.

Biosynthesis of Silver Chloride Nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) from Extreme Halophiles and Evaluation of Their Biological Applications.

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has gained an overwhelming interest due to their biological applications. However, NPs synthesis by pigmented extreme halophiles remains underexplored. The NPs synthesis using pigmented halophiles is inexpensive and less toxic than other processes.

Bioprospecting of microbial enzymes: current trends in industry and healthcare.

Microbial enzymes have an indispensable role in producing foods, pharmaceuticals, and other commercial goods. Many novel enzymes have been reported from all domains of life, such as plants, microbes, and animals. Nonetheless, industrially desirable enzymes of microbial origin are limited.

Rhizosphere impacts bacterial community structure in the tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze.) estates of Darjeeling, India.

India contributes 28% of the world's tea production, and the Darjeeling tea of India is a world-famous tea variety known for its unique quality, flavour and aroma. This study analyzed the spatial distribution of bacterial communities in the tea rhizosphere of six different tea estates at different altitudes. The organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphate were higher in the rhizosphere soils than the bulk soils, irrespective of the sites.

Ubiquitousness of and Carotenoid Producing Genes in Arabian Sea Coastal Biosystems of India.

This study presents a comparative analysis of halophiles from the global open sea and coastal biosystems through shotgun metagenomes ( = 209) retrieved from public repositories. The open sea was significantly enriched with and . Meanwhile, coastal biosystems were dominated by and .

The Spike of SARS-CoV-2: Uniqueness and Applications.

The Spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is critical for its ability to attach and fuse into the host cells, leading to infection, and transmission. In this review, we have initially performed a meta-analysis of keywords associated with the S protein to frame the outline of important research findings and directions related to it. Based on this outline, we have reviewed the structure, uniqueness, and origin of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2.

Identification of Multi-Potent Protein Subtilisin A from halophilic bacterium Bacillus firmus VE2.

Screening of halophiles with antimicrobial activity in saltpan soil samples from Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu, revealed isolate VE-2 as the most potent, identified as Bacillus firmus strain VE-2 through 16s rRNA gene sequencing. It had an optimum growth condition (OD 3.1) and antimicrobial protein (AMP) production (450 μg/mL) at 37 °C, pH 8, 25% NaCl, and 36 h incubation.

Shotgun metagenomic analysis of kombucha mutualistic community exposed to Mars-like environment outside the International Space Station.

Kombucha is a multispecies microbial ecosystem mainly composed of acetic acid bacteria and osmophilic acid-tolerant yeasts, which is used to produce a probiotic drink. Furthermore, Kombucha Mutualistic Community (KMC) has been recently proposed to be used during long space missions as both a living functional fermented product to improve astronauts' health and an efficient source of bacterial nanocellulose. In this study, we compared KMC structure and functions before and after samples were exposed to the space/Mars-like environment outside the International Space Station in order to investigate the changes related to their re-adaptation to Earth-like conditions by shotgun metagenomics, using both diversity and functional analyses of Community Ecology and Complex Networks approach.

Metagenomic insights into the antibiotic resistome of mangrove sediments and their association to socioeconomic status.

Mangrove sediments are prone to anthropogenic activities that could enrich antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs). The emergence and dissemination of ARGs are of serious concern to public health worldwide. Therefore, a comprehensive resistome analysis of global mangrove sediment is of paramount importance.

Shotgun metagenomics reveals a heterogeneous prokaryotic community and a wide array of antibiotic resistance genes in mangrove sediment.

Saline tolerant mangrove forests partake in vital biogeochemical cycles. However, they are endangered due to deforestation as a result of urbanization. In this study, we have carried out a metagenomic snapshot of the mangrove ecosystem from five countries to assess its taxonomic, functional and antibiotic resistome structure.

Metagenomic insights into the fungal assemblages of the northwest Himalayan cold desert.

Psychrophilic fungi are a critical biotic component in cold deserts that serves a central role in nutrient recycling and biogeochemical cycles. Despite their ecological significance, culture-independent studies on psychrophilic mycobiome are limited. In the present study, the fungal diversity patterns across the Drass, an Indian cold desert in the Himalaya, were indexed by targeted amplicon pyrosequencing (ITS).

16s rRNA metagenomic analysis reveals predominance of Crtl and CruF genes in Arabian Sea coast of India.

Microbial communities perform crucial biogeochemical cycles in distinct ecosystems. Halophilic microbial communities are enriched in the saline areas. Hence, haloarchaea have been primarily studied in salterns and marine biosystems with the aim to harness haloarcheal carotenoids biosynthesis.

Insights into Antagonistic Interactions of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Mangrove Sediments from the South Indian State of Kerala.

Antibiotic resistance is a global issue which is magnified by interspecies horizontal gene transfer. Understanding antibiotic resistance in bacteria in a natural setting is crucial to check whether they are multidrug resistant (MDR) and possibly avoid outbreaks. In this study, we have isolated several antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) ( = 128) from the mangroves in Kerala, India.

16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Based Metagenomic Signatures of Rhizobiome Community in Rice Field During Various Growth Stages.

Rice is a major staple food across the globe. Its growth and productivity is highly dependent on the rhizobiome where crosstalk takes place between plant and the microbial community. Such interactions lead to selective enrichment of plant beneficial microbes which ultimately defines the crop health and productivity.

Acetate Kinase (AcK) is Essential for Microbial Growth and Betel-derived Compounds Potentially Target AcK, PhoP and MDR Proteins in M. tuberculosis, V. cholerae and Pathogenic E. coli: An in silico and in vitro Study.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Vibrio cholerae, and pathogenic Escherichia coli are global concerns for public health. The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of these pathogens is creating additional challenges in controlling infections caused by these deadly bacteria. Recently, we reported that Acetate kinase (AcK) could be a broad-spectrum novel target in several bacteria including these pathogens.

Comparative mangrove metagenome reveals global prevalence of heavy metals and antibiotic resistome across different ecosystems.

The mangrove ecosystem harbors a complex microbial community that plays crucial role in biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we analyzed mangrove sediments from India using de novo whole metagenome next generation sequencing (NGS) and compared their taxonomic and functional community structures to mangrove metagenomics samples from Brazil and Saudi Arabia. The most abundant phyla in the mangroves of all three countries was Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.

Author Correction: Searching for signatures across microbial communities: Metagenomic analysis of soil samples from mangrove and other ecosystems.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Searching for signatures across microbial communities: Metagenomic analysis of soil samples from mangrove and other ecosystems.

In this study, we categorize the microbial community in mangrove sediment samples from four different locations within a vast mangrove system in Kerala, India. We compared this data to other samples taken from the other known mangrove data, a tropical rainforest, and ocean sediment. An examination of the microbial communities from a large mangrove forest that stretches across southwestern India showed strong similarities across the higher taxonomic levels.