Primary malignant melanoma of uterine cervix treated with pembrolizumab as adjuvant immunotherapy.

This is the case report of primary malignant melanoma (MM) of uterine cervix treated by immune checkpoint inhibitor: the Pembrolizumab. Despite the merge of the novel drugs that has been strikingly improving prognosis of MM, we still struggle treatment of MM of uterine cervix that has aggressive characteristics with unknown etiology. We present our case to contribute its rarity of the disease case report, the primary MM of the uterine cervix that had poor response to pembrolizumab and had OS of 6 months.

Clinico-pathological characteristics of patients with stage IB1-IB2 (FIGO 2018) uterine cervical cancer: a nationwide study in Japan.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective analysis is to reveal clinicopathological findings and clinical outcome of patients with stage IB1/IB2 (FIGO 2018) uterine cervical cancer.

Methods: Based on the database of the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group, 2194 patients with stage IB1/IB2 (FIGO 2018), who underwent radical hysterectomy between 1/1/2004-12/31/2008, were identified as eligible for this retrospective study.

Results: Patients with squamous cell carcinoma had significantly frequent lympho-vascular space invasion than those with non-squamous cell carcinoma in both stage IB1 and IB2 (stage IB1; 29.

A simple technique of vaginal cuff closure to prevent tumor cell spillage in laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for uterine cervical cancer.

Introduction: The Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer (LACC) trial, a prospective randomized phase III clinical trial reported in 2018, unexpectedly showed inferior oncologic outcomes in laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) for cervical cancer compared with those in open surgery. It was proposed that the spillage of tumor cells into the peritoneal cavity might cause the inferiority of LRH. It has been suggested, based on retrospective studies, that transvaginal closure of the vaginal cuff before the colpotomy part of the surgery may prevent this.

Value of adjuvant chemotherapy and informed microscopic examination for occult gynecologic cancer detected upon risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy after chemotherapy for BRCA1/2-associated breast cancer: a case report.

BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are at high risk for type II ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer. Although risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy plays an important role in the prevention of these BRCA1/2-associated gynecological cancers, occult ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer is discovered upon risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in 1-4% of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Notably, around 30% of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers who undergo risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy have undergone adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Deep vein thrombosis and serum D-dimer after pelvic lymphadenectomy in gynecological cancer.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism prevention during the perioperative period requires comprehensive risk-level assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and to assess the cut-off levels of serum D-dimer as a screening strategy for deep vein thrombosis during the perioperative period.

Methods: A total of 205 patients (ovarian cancer: 68, endometrial cancer: 76, cervical cancer: 61) who underwent gynecological surgery, including retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, were enrolled.

Comparison of laparoscopic surgery and conventional laparotomy for surgical staging of patients with presumed low-risk endometrial cancer: The current state of Japan.

Objective: National health insurance coverage for the laparoscopic staging surgery for patients with stage IA endometrial cancer started from April 2014 in Japan. We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate the surgical outcomes of the laparoscopic surgery for patients with low-risk endometrial cancer compared with those of the laparotomy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 patients with presumed low-risk endometrial cancer, who were treated at Tottori University Hospital between 2005 and 2016, were eligible for this study.

Analysis of pregnancy outcome and decline of anti-Müllerian hormone after laparoscopic cystectomy for ovarian endometriomas.

Aim: Excision of ovarian endometrioma (OE) may induce the reduction of ovarian reserve. We evaluated pregnancy outcomes after laparoscopic cystectomy (LC), and the pre- and postoperative levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) to consider the ovarian reserve.

Methods: We enrolled 40 women with OE and 16 women with benign ovarian tumors who hoped to have a child and who underwent LC.

Current treatment of endometrioma.

Importance: Ovarian endometrioma is the most common form of endometriosis. Laparoscopy is frequently chosen for its treatment because medical treatment alone is inadequate. However, the role of laparoscopic treatment of ovarian endometriomas has been challenged by evidence questioning the benefits of surgery, especially in cases of young or infertile women.

Incidence and risk factors for lower limb lymphedema after gynecologic cancer surgery with initiation of periodic complex decongestive physiotherapy.

Background: Lower limb lymphedema (LLL) is one of the most frequent postoperative complications of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for gynecologic cancer. LLL often impairs quality of life, activities of daily living, sleep, and sex in patients with gynecologic cancer. We conducted this study to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for LLL after gynecologic cancer surgery in patients who received assessment and periodic complex decongestive physiotherapy (CDP).

The cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 is a possible target of novel treatment for endometriosis.

Problem: How is the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-induced inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein expression in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) involved in cell viability and signaling pathways?

Method Of Study: Endometriotic stromal cells were isolated from ovarian chocolate cysts in 20 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery. IAP protein expression and IκB phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Interleukin (IL)-8 protein expression and cell proliferation were assessed by ELISA.

Outcome of stage IB2-IIB patients with bulky uterine cervical cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy.

Background: We performed a retrospective study to clarify the outcome of stage IB2-IIB patients with bulky cervical cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical hysterectomy and adjuvant treatment.

Methods: Sixty-five patients with bulky stage IB2-IIB cervical cancer, treated at Tottori University Hospital between 2001 and 2011, were examined retrospectively. The indication for adjuvant treatment was limited to the following pathological high-risk factors: pelvic lymph node (PLN) involvement, parametrial infiltration (PI), and a compromised surgical margin.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues reduce the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells but not endometriotic cells.

Aims: We investigated the potential of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and GnRH antagonists to inhibit cell proliferation in endometriotic and endometrial stromal cells.

Methods: Twenty patients with ovarian endometriomas and 18 patients with uterine fibromas were recruited. Endometriotic and endometrial stromal cells were obtained from the ovarian chocolate cyst linings and the eutopic endometria of premenopausal women with uterine fibromas, respectively.

The role of NF-kappaB in endometriosis.

The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor playing vital roles in innate immunity and other processes involving cellular survival, proliferation, and differentiation. This review highlights the importance of NF-kappaB in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Constitutive activation of NF-kappaB has been shown in endometriotic lesions.

Apoptosis and endometriosis.

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of programmed cell death resulting in the efficient elimination of cells without eliciting an inflammatory response. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial cells with capacity to avoid apoptosis outside the uterus. Apoptosis plays a fundamental role for the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

TAK1 activation for cytokine synthesis and proliferation of endometriotic cells.

Endometriosis causes pelvic pain and infertility in women of reproductive age. We explored TNFalpha-induced specific signaling pathways and gene expressions in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs). Based on the data of the pathway specific cDNA array, we analyzed the role of TAK1, which is believed to work as a common mediator for NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways.

Tissue characterization of uterine myometrium using the ultrasound gray-level histogram width.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the usefulness of the gray-level histogram width for tissue characterization of the uterine myometrium.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with uterine fibroids, 5 patients with adenomyosis, and 9 patients with extensive myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma were studied. The gray-level histogram width was determined by transvaginal ultrasonography.

Drug-induced apoptosis was markedly attenuated in endometriotic stromal cells.

Background: The survival of endometriotic cells in the ectopic site has been investigated from the aspect of susceptibility of endometriotic tissues to apoptosis. In order to investigate the nature of abnormal survival of endometriotic cells in ectopic locations, we compared drug-induced apoptosis in endometrial and endometriotic cells.

Methods: Endometrial stromal cells were obtained from normal endometrium in 11 patients who underwent hysterectomy for leiomyoma without endometriosis.

Reduction of estrogen production by interleukin-6 in a human granulosa tumor cell line may have implications for endometriosis-associated infertility.

Objective: To examine the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on estrogen production and aromatase activity using a human granulosa tumor cell line (KGN cells). The involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in the inhibitory effects of IL-6 on estrogen production was also evaluated.

Design: Molecular and biological studies of KGN cells.

Cervical Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization might be associated with increased incidence of preterm delivery in pregnant women without prophlogistic microorganisms on routine examination.

Aim: We examined whether the detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum DNA in the cervix is associated with preterm labor and delivery.

Methods: Eighty-two women (23 preterm labor cases and 59 controls) with no evidence of prophlogistic microorganisms on routine microbiologic examination were enrolled for this study. U.

Coculture with a human granulosa cell line enhanced the development of murine preimplantation embryos via SCF/c-kit system.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect on the coculture of murine embryos with a human ovarian granulosa tumor derived cell line (KGN cells).

Methods: We observed microscopically the growth of murine preimplantation embryos in the coculture system with KGN cells or in the presence with exogenous stem cell factor (SCF). The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to analyze the gene expression of SCF in KGN cells cocultured with murine embryos.

Lipopolysaccharide-promoted proliferation of endometriotic stromal cells via induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-8 expression.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) protein in endometriotic stromal cells (ESC) and their effect on the proliferation of ESC.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan.

Interleukin-1beta-induced expression of IL-6 and production of human chorionic gonadotropin in human trophoblast cells via nuclear factor-kappaB activation.

Problem: The cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), stimulates the production of human chorionic gonadotropine (hCG) in chorionic cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) during the induction of IL-6 by IL-1beta in human trophoblast cells.

Method Of Study: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the gene expressions of IL-1, IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), IL-6R and gp130 in a human choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo.