High risk Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: the role of salvage in improving the outcome. A single center experience.

Background: In pediatric multi-system high risk organs (RO +) Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), failing 1st line treatment has the highest mortality. We aim to present the outcome of failure of 1st line whether due to disease progression (DP) at end of induction or reactivation (REA) after initial better status response.

Patients And Methods: Sixty-seven RO + LCH patients with hemopoietic, hepatic or splenic involvement, treated between 2007 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Serum MicroRNA-146b Expression for Malignancy Prediction in Euthyroid Patients with Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.

Thyroid nodules are frequently found, but the vast majority of them are benign. The difficulty in managing thyroid nodules is correctly diagnosing the minority of those who have malignancy. Thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with indeterminate cytology continues to raise doubts about the presence of thyroid cancer, leading to an unnecessary thyroidectomy.

Pediatric pulmonary multisystem langerhans cell histiocytosis: does lung lesion severity affect the outcome?

Background: The pediatric pulmonary multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PPM LCH) is associated with either low risk or high risk organ(s). The nodulo-cystic lung lesions although pathognomonic, yet are very variable in severity and remain a source of controversy in certifying pulmonary LCH diagnosis. The study aimed to examine the prognostic value of clinical respiratory manifestations and radiological lung lesions severity.

Comparative Shotgun Proteomics Reveals the Characteristic Protein Signature of Osteosarcoma Subtypes.

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor affecting adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to identify proteomic signatures that distinguish between different osteosarcoma subtypes, providing insights into their molecular heterogeneity and potential implications for personalized treatment approaches. Using advanced proteomic techniques, we analyzed FFPE tumor samples from a cohort of pediatric osteosarcoma patients representing four various subtypes.

Prognostic Factors and Treatment Outcome of Relapsing and Refractory Pediatric Mature B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt Experience.

Background: Relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated by chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has a dismal prognosis.

Patients: It is a retrospective study, including pediatric patients diagnosed as mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma who were primarily refractory or relapsed over 8 years at CCHE. The aim of the study was to analyze the prognostic factors and outcomes of this group of patients.

Parotid gland masses: outcomes in the pediatric age group.

Background: Childhood parotid neoplasms appear to have different characteristics from adults. This point, in addition to the rarity of these tumors, reflects the challenges faced in diagnosing and treating parotid neoplasms in children.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included all children who presented to the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE, 57357) with parotid masses from January 2008 to December 2020.

Prognostic significance of the ratio of surgically resected to radiologically detected lung nodules in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma.

Unlabelled: The factors that affect the prognosis of patients' metastatic osteosarcoma are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated a new prognostic factor, the ratio of surgically resected to radiologically detected osteosarcoma lung nodules (SR/RD), which may have predictive value.

Patients And Methods: Data from patients with metastatic osteosarcoma who underwent metastasectomy between January 2009 and December 2020, in a single center, were reviewed.

Prognostic value of detection of CD99 , CD45 cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry in children with Ewing sarcoma.

Background: Early detection of metastasis and recurrence of Ewing sarcoma (ES) is important for early management. This work aimed to detect CD99 , CD45 cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry (FC) before and during chemotherapy and evaluate their prognostic significance.

Procedure: This prospective cohort study was carried out on 60 children newly diagnosed with ES at Children Cancer Hospital-Egypt 57357 and 40 healthy children control group.

Characterization of pediatric head and neck masses with quantitative analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging and measurement of apparent diffusion coefficients.

Purpose: Our objective was to investigate the accuracy of quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to determine the histopathologic diagnosis of pediatric head and neck lesions.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 100 pediatric patients recently diagnosed with head and neck tumors. All patients underwent preoperative conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI.

Can FDG-PET replace biopsy for the evaluation of residual tumor in pediatric mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

Introduction: The aim of our study is to evaluate the role of F-labeled fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography ( FDG-PET) scan for the detection of viable residual mass in pediatric mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). This study also aims to detect the negative predictive value, positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, and specificity of FDG-PET.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional nonrandomized study was carried out.

Whole lung irradiation for completely responding pulmonary metastases in pediatric Ewing sarcoma.

Scarce data assessing the real value of whole lung irradiation (WLI) in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) with lung-only metastasis, with published conflicting results. We studied the impact of WLI in a homogenous pediatric population. Retrospective study evaluating the survival outcomes of WLI in these patients.

"Comparative study between the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm), and both types in treatment of keratosis pilaris".

The aim of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm), and their combined use in treatment of keratosis pilaris. The study included twenty female patients. For each patient, three areas were randomly assigned to treatment by either fractional CO2 laser (area A) or Q-switched laser (1064 nm) (area C), or both types of laser (area B).

A Pharmacogenetic Study of VDR fok1 and TYMS Polymorphisms and Their Association With Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteonecrosis in Egyptian Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Osteonecrosis is a significant toxicity resulting from the treatment of pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D receptor fok1 (VDR fok1) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene polymorphisms with the glucocorticoid (GC) induced osteonecrosis (ON) in Egyptian pediatric ALL patients. In addition, to identify the possible association of genetic polymorphisms with other factors such as gender and ALL subtypes.

Outcome of High-risk Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) in Egyptian Children, Does Intermediate-dose Methotrexate Improve the Outcome?

High-risk multisystem organ (RO+) Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has the least survival. We present the outcome of RO+ LCH in a pediatric single center. Fifty RO+ LCH patients, treated between 07/2007 and 07/2015, were retrospectively analyzed.

Osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE).

Background: As survival rates for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) improve, awareness of treatment complications becomes important. Osteonecrosis (ON) is a serious disabling complication in treated ALL patients. The aim of the study was to define the frequency of ON identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to study the risk factors for ON.

Reconstruction of the Scapula in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients After Total Scapulectomy. A Report of 10 Patients Treated by Extracorporeal Irradiation and Reimplantation of the Scapula.

Background: Ewing sarcoma of the scapula is uncommon. Restoration of shoulder function after total scapulectomy is challenging. Extracorporeal irradiation and reimplantation is a well-known method of biological reconstruction in orthopaedic oncology; yet very few reports in the literature describe its specific use in tumors of the scapula.

Outcome of resectable pediatric Ewing sarcoma of the ribs.

Purpose: Was to evaluate the outcome of multimodality treatment in resectable primary Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor ES/PNET of the ribs and role of thoracoscopy in facilitating resection of these tumors.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective study including 22 patients with primary ES/PNET of the ribs surgically treated at Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE) between January 2008 until the end of December 2014.

Results: Median age was 8.

Hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy for pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG): a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) outcome remains dismal despite multiple therapeutic attempts.

Purpose: To compare the results of treatment of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) using hypofractionated versus conventional radiotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Seventy-one newly diagnosed DIPG children were randomized into hypofractionated (HF) (39Gy/13 fractions in 2.

False-positive F-18 FDG uptake in PET/CT studies in pediatric patients with abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma.

Introduction: In pediatric patients with abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma, the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract and abdominal lymph nodes are the main presenting feature of the disease. Chemotherapy is the main treatment modality and could be preceded by surgical excision of the abdominal masses. To achieve cure or long-term disease-free survival a balance has to be struck between aggressive chemotherapy and the probability of tumor necrosis secondary to treatment complicated by acute infections, perforation or intestinal bleeding.

Role of PET/CT in malignant pediatric lymphoma.

Introduction: Malignant pediatric lymphoma accounts for 10-15% of all pediatric cancers, (representing 2-3% of all malignancies), with a peak incidence between 5-9 years. Chemotherapy is usually the first and most common mode of treatment. The choice of treatment and prediction of prognosis depend on the histological type of tumor, initial staging, evaluating treatment response, and detection of early recurrence.

Impact of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on Rabbit's Choroid and Retina.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) on chorio-capillaris permeability as well as structure changes in the choroid and the retina of pigmented rabbits.

Material And Methods: The study included 10 pigmented rabbits (20 clinically free eyes) ranged in weight between 1.2 and 2 kg (mean 1.

Management of parapharyngeal space tumors at the National Cancer Institute, Egypt.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors as regards clinicopathological features, preoperative assessment, different surgical approaches, perioperative complications, patterns of recurrence and the role of non-surgical treatment.

Materials And Methods: This study included twenty-five patients with (PPS) tumors presented to NCI, Cairo University, from October 2001 to March 2003. The data of each patient included age, sex, presenting symptoms and signs, provisional diagnosis, preoperative investigations, operative data, histopathological examination, non-surgical treatment and state of follow up.