The cellular microenvironment regulates CX3CR1 expression on CD8 T cells and the maintenance of CX3CR1 CD8 T cells.

Expression levels of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 serve as high-resolution marker delineating functionally distinct antigen-experienced T-cell states. The factors that influence CX3CR1 expression in T cells are, however, incompletely understood. Here, we show that in vitro priming of naïve CD8 T cells failed to robustly induce CX3CR1, which highlights the shortcomings of in vitro priming settings in recapitulating in vivo T-cell differentiation.

Graded expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 marks differentiation states of human and murine T cells and enables cross-species interpretation.

T cells differentiate into functionally distinct states upon antigen encounter. These states are delineated by different cell surface markers for murine and human T cells, which hamper cross-species translation of T cell properties. We aimed to identify surface markers that reflect the graded nature of CD8 T cell differentiation and delineate functionally comparable states in mice and humans.