Current and novel modalities for management of chronic hepatitis B infection.

Over 296 million people are estimated to have chronic hepatitis B viral infection (CHB), and it poses unique challenges for elimination. CHB is the result of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific immune tolerance and the presence of covalently closed circular DNA as mini chromosome inside the nucleus and the integrated HBV. Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen is the best surrogate marker for intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA.

Impact of lifestyle modification on glycemic control and cognitive function among Type II diabetes mellitus patients.

Aim: Assessing impact of lifestyle modification on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) glycemic control and cognitive function.

Subjects & Methods: Prospective study was conducted on T2DM patients (92 patients as interventional group and 92 patients conventional therapy).

Results: After 6 months, significant improvements of HbA1c, oxidant and antioxidant, lipid profile, and cognitive function among only the interventional group (p < 0.

Impact of direct-acting antiviral regimens on hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of liver disease and is associated with various extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs). This mini-review outlines the currently available treatments for HCV infection and their prognostic effect on hepatic manifestations and EHMs. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens are considered pan-genotypic as they achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) > 85% after 12 wk through all the major HCV genotypes, with high percentages of SVR even in advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Oxidative stress and hepcidin expression in pediatric sickle cell anemia with iron overload.

Background: Blood transfusion (BT) is essential in treating sickle cell disease (SCD); however, it leads to iron overload (IO) and oxidative stress. We studied the relationship between oxidative stress, iron status parameters, hepcidin mRNA gene expression, and IO in SCD patients.

Methods: We classified all SCD patients (n = 90) into two groups: Group I, 45 children (s.

Role of some serum biomarkers in the early detection of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Aim: To assess the role of serum biomarkers in early prediction of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Materials And Methods: The participants were three groups of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients having diastolic dysfunction (DM-DD), systolic dysfunction (DM-SD) and normal echocardiography (DM-N) with two control groups: non-DM diastolic dysfunction patients (DD) and healthy controls. AGEs, TNF-α, IL-6, IGFBP-7, creatinine and insulin were assessed.

Correction: Plasma microRNAs biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Humoral Immune Memory to Hepatitis B Vaccine after Primary Vaccination of Children and Adolescents in Assiut, Egypt.

Objectives: We sought to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprotection among vaccinated children in the Assiut governorate, Egypt, and assess a booster dose immune memory response among non-seroprotected children.

Methods: Using a multistage cluster sample, 566 children were recruited from three clusters: one urban and two rural. Children were aged from nine months to 16 years old.

gene methylation status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Background: We aimed to investigate gene expression pattern and to explore its methylation heterogeneity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Patients & Methods: Eighty one CLL patients and 75 healthy subjects were enrolled and prognostic evaluation of patients was assessed. q-realtime PCR was performed using Applied Biosystems, TaqMan gene expression assay.

High Risk of HBV Infection Among Vaccinated Polytransfused Children With Malignancy.

Aim Of The Study: The national Egyptian hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program coverage of all infants started in 1992. The study aimed to assess immunity against HBV and occurrence of HBV breakthrough infections in vaccinated polytransfused children with malignancies.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-nine polytransfused children with malignancies were recruited; 37 were on chemotherapy (male:female 20:17; mean age 7.

Plasma microRNAs biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To assess the potential value of some miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify other risk factors for MCI among them.

Methods: This study enrolled 163 adults with T2DM using face to face interview. Cognitive function with its domains was assessed using Adenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE III).

Association of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor isotypes with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Introduction: The most common genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is human leucocyte antigen DRB1 (HLA-DRB1) shared epitope (SE).

Aim: To investigate the relationship between anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), rheumatoid factor (RF), immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM and IgA and HLA-DRB1 SE among Egyptian patients with RA.

Methods: Serum levels of anti-CCP antibodies and RFIgG, RFIgM, RFIgA were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 157 Egyptian RA patients and 150 healthy controls attending the outpatient clinics of National Research Center and Kasr El Aini Hospital.

Risk Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Apparently Healthy People and the Role of MicroRNAs.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal ageing and the serious decline of dementia.

Aim: To identify risk factors and role of miRNAs associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among employees.

Subjects And Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 186 employees aged between 40 and 65 years.

Early and long term anamnestic response to HBV booster dose among fully vaccinated Egyptian children during infancy.

Objective: To evaluate early and long term anamnestic response to a booster dose of HBV vaccine among non-seroprotected children.

Subjects And Method: A national community based project was carried out on 3600 children aged 9 months to 16 years, fully vaccinated during infancy. They were recruited from 6 governorates representing Egypt.

Immunogenicity of compulsory and booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine among children in Cairo, Egypt.

Background: Although Egypt had adopted implementation of routine infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in 1992, its effectiveness is not evaluated on a national scale. Assessment of early and long-term seroprotection after compulsory vaccination is an important measure for monitoring the success of the vaccination program.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess HBV seroprotection and immune memory in children and adolescents who were vaccinated during infancy in Cairo Governorate.

Hepatitis B Seroprotection and the Response to a Challenging Dose among Vaccinated Children in Red Sea Governorate.

Aim: To assess the long-term effectiveness of hepatitis B virus vaccine and the need for a booster dose among children who received three doses of vaccine during infancy in Red Sea Governorate.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Interviews with children (9 months to 16 years) and parents were done.

Association of PTPN22 1858C→T polymorphism, HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and autoantibodies with rheumatoid arthritis.

To assess impact of PTPN22 1858C→T polymorphism, HLA shared epitope and autoantibodies on susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A total of 150 RA patients and 150 controls were included in the study. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor isotypes (IgG, IgM and IgA) were assayed by ELISA.

Immune response to second vaccination series of hepatitis B virus among booster dose non-responders.

Objective: To evaluate the response to second vaccination series among post-booster sero-negative children who had previously received compulsory HBV vaccination.

Subjects And Methods: After given a booster dose to 1070 children, 103 of them failed to generate anamnestic response (anti-HBs <10 IU/L). Only 91/103 children received additional two doses of recombinant HBV vaccine (i.

Effectiveness of hepatitis B virus vaccination program in Egypt: Multicenter national project.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program among fully vaccinated children.

Methods: A national community based cross-sectional study was carried out in 6 governorates representing Egypt. A total of 3600 children aged from 9 mo to 16 years who were fully vaccinated with HBV vaccine during infancy were recruited.

Knowledge of and risky behaviours towards hepatitis B virus infection among Egyptian school children.

Background And Study Aims: Success in the prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) depends to a large extent on the adolescents' HBV knowledge and their risky behaviours. This study aims to assess the knowledge of and the risky behaviours towards HBV among school students and to determine the significant predictors affecting their knowledge.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study was approved in four Egyptian governorates (Dakahleya, Gharbeya, Cairo, and Beni-Suef) on 574 students aged 11-17years.

Persistence of protection to hepatitis B vaccine and response to booster dose among children and adolescents in Dakahleya- Egypt.

The long-term protective effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and the need for booster dose vaccination remain doubtful. The study aimed to estimate the sero-protection rate and evaluate immune response to a booster dose in children and adolescents with complete HBV vaccination during infancy. According to study design, 902 children were recruited from 2 cities and 3 villages in Dakahleya Governorate by a cross-sectional study; 475 boys and 423 girls with age range 9 months to 16 years.

Occult hepatitis B virus infection among Egyptian blood donors.

Aim: To identify blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) to promote safe blood donation.

Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 3167 blood donors negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab) and human immunodeficiency virus Ab. They were subjected to the detection of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and screening for anti-HBV core antibodies (total) by two different techniques; [Monoliza antibodies to hepatitis B core (Anti-HBc) Plus-Bio-Rad] and (ARC-HBc total-ABBOT).

High prevalence of occult hepatitis B in hepatitis C-infected Egyptian children with haematological disorders and malignancies.

Objective: This study investigates the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) in children and adolescents with haematological diseases with or without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Methods: Forty-nine children with haematological disorders (median age 11.4 years) and 51 with haematological malignancies (median age 8 years) were enrolled.

Liver disease is a major cause of mortality following allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation.

Background: Liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among recipients of bone-marrow transplantation (BMT). The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence, risk factors and clinical evolution of liver disease following allogeneic BMT.

Methods: A total of 103 patients (mean age 22.