Sero-surveillance of subspecies infection in ruminants in Medina.

Objective: The present study aimed to assess for the first time, in Medina, the prevalence of . in ruminants due to its potential zoonotic importance.

Materials And Methods: A total of 823 sera samples and 364 milk samples were used to determine the incidence of .

Seroprevalence of some viral and bacterial zoonoses in domestic ruminants in Medina.

Objective: The study aimed to explore the seroprevalence of some bacterial ( spp., ) and viral [Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV)] zoonoses in domestic ruminants in Medina.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1,000 blood samples from 665 sheep, 228 goats, and 107 camels were collected from the central slaughterhouse, private farms, and veterinary clinics affiliated to the Ministry of Agriculture.

Emergence of H274Y oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) influenza viruses in Japan during the 2008-2009 season.

Background: A substantial increase in oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) influenza viruses was reported in Europe in late 2007.

Objectives: To monitor the antiviral susceptibility profile of human A(H1N1) influenza viruses in Japan during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 seasons.

Study Design: Viruses were obtained from respiratory samples of patients with influenza collected in Japan between December 2007 and April 2008 (n=1046) and between December 2008 and April 2009 (n=1789).