Concentrations of Irinotecan and SN-38 in the Ascites and the Fluid Product of Cell-Free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy 9 Days After Administration of Irinotecan in a Patient with Gastric Cancer: A Case Report.

Introduction: Cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) is frequently used to relieve the symptoms caused by massive ascites due to peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer, especially in the later stages of its clinical course. Irinotecan (CPT-11) is recommended for third- or later-line chemotherapy according to gastric cancer treatment guidelines. However, the concentrations of anti-cancer drugs in the ascites and the product of CART are not well known, it is considered that some amounts of anti-cancer drugs contained in the product of CART may be readministered and induce severe adverse reactions.

Definitive chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in older patients (PARADISE-1): a phase I trial.

Background: In older patients, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is difficult to treat using standard therapies, including surgery and cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy. Paclitaxel (PTX) has radiosensitizing activity. We conducted a phase I trial of PTX combined with radiotherapy to establish a standard therapy for locally advanced ESCC in older patients.

Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analysis of nivolumab in combination with abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy in patients with HR-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: a phase II study (WJOG11418B NEWFLAME trial).

Background: Hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer is a disease for which no immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise as effective therapies. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors synergistically increased the effectiveness of antiprogrammed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies in preclinical studies.

Methods: This non-randomized, multicohort, phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab 240 mg administered every 2 weeks in combination with the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib 150 mg twice daily and either fulvestrant (FUL) or letrozole (LET) as a first-line or second-line treatment for HR-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

Establishment of UGT1A1-knockout human iPS-derived hepatic organoids for UGT1A1-specific kinetics and toxicity evaluation.

Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are highly expressed in the liver and are involved in the metabolism of many drugs. In particular, UGT1A1 has a genetic polymorphism that causes decreased activity, leading to drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, an evaluation system that accurately predicts the kinetics of drugs involving UGT1A1 is required.

Effect of Indoor Forest Bathing on Reducing Feelings of Fatigue Using Cerebral Activity as an Indicator.

We created an indoor forest bathing environment in a sunlight-type environmentally controlled chamber and both physiological and psychological measurements were conducted for the evaluation of mental fatigue reduction. At first, a working memory load experiment was performed among 10 participants in a space without plants to identify an indicator correlating with feelings of fatigue, using the cerebral activity of the prefrontal cortex. Then, the indicator was used to evaluate whether a 20-min exposure to an indoor forest bathing environment reduced the level of the feeling of fatigue.

Evaluation of clinical validity of an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function using data of the SPIRITS and the G-SOX trials.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical validity of the S-1 dosage formula based on body surface area (BSA) and creatinine clearance (CLcr) to achieve the target area under the concentration-time curve of 5-FU, which we had developed and refined in each prospective pharmacokinetic study.

Methods: The recommended dose determined by the refined formula was assessed using data of the SPIRITS (S-1 vs. S-1 plus cisplatin [SP]) and the G-SOX (SP vs.

Japanese Lung Cancer Society Guidelines for Stage IV NSCLC With Mutations.

Patients with NSCLC in East Asia, including Japan, frequently contain mutations. In 2018, we published the latest full clinical practice guidelines on the basis of those provided by the Japanese Lung Cancer Society Guidelines Committee. The purpose of this study was to update those recommendations, especially for the treatment of metastatic or recurrent -mutated NSCLC.

A case report on severe nivolumab-induced adverse events similar to primary sclerosing cholangitis refractory to immunosuppressive therapy.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly anti-PD-1 antibody, have dramatically changed cancer treatment; however, fatal immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can develop. Here, we describe a severe case of sclerosing cholangitis-like irAE. We report the use of 3 immunosuppressive agents that resulted in the death of the patient due to treatment inefficacy.

Hypothetical novel simulations to explain the evolutionary survival of the hypo-reproductive extreme tail in the complex human diversity.

Hierarchical structures which lie hidden between human complex conditions and reproductivity cannot be simple, and trends of each population component does not necessarily pertain to evolutionary theories. As an illustration, the fitness of individuals with heritable extreme conditions can be low across continuing generations in observational data. Autism and schizophrenia are characterized by such evolutionary paradox of survival and hypo-reproductivity in the complex human diversity.

Phase I study of afatinib plus bevacizumab in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer harboring mutations.

Background: Afatinib is a second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor () tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Combination therapies with first-generation EGFR-TKIs and bevacizumab have been reported to prolong progression-free survival (PFS). However, there are few data on the combination of afatinib and bevacizumab.

Prospective evaluation and refinement of an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function for clinical application.

In patients with impaired renal function, S-1-related toxicities increase due to higher exposure of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Our previous pharmacokinetic study in 16 cancer patients with various renal functions developed an S-1 dosage formula based on individual creatinine clearance (CLcr) and body surface area (BSA). To evaluate and refine the formula, this prospective study was conducted.

Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy and Safety of Bosutinib in a Pediatric Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Bosutinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in adult patients. The safety and efficacy of bosutinib in patients younger than 18 years of age have not been established. We here report the case of a 4-year-old male with CML who was treated with bosutinib during coordination of human leukocyte antigen-matched unrelated bone-marrow transplantation because of insufficient responses to imatinib and dasatinib.

Optimizing antiemetic treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in Japan: Update summary of the 2015 Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis.

Patients with cancer should appropriately receive antiemetic therapies against chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Antiemetic guidelines play an important role in managing CINV. Accordingly, the first Japanese antiemetic guideline published in 2010 by the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology (JSCO) has considerably aided Japanese medical staff in providing antiemetic therapies across chemotherapy clinics.