Population Pharmacokinetics of Candesartan in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) causes pathological changes in multiple organs, thus affecting the pharmacokinetics (PK) of drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the PK of candesartan in patients with HF while examining significant covariates and their related impact on estimated clearance using a population PK (Pop-PK) modeling approach. Data from a prospective, multicenter study were used.

CYP2D6 polymorphism and its impact on the clinical response to metoprolol: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms are associated with metoprolol pharmacokinetics. Whether the clinical response to metoprolol is also affected remains uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review on the effects of CYP2D6 polymorphism on the clinical response to metoprolol.