α-Mangostin: A Xanthone Derivative in Mangosteen with Potent Anti-Cancer Properties.

α-Mangostin, a xanthone derivative extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit ( L.), has garnered significant attention for its potential as a natural anti-cancer agent. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on the anti-cancer properties of α-mangostin across various cancer types.

Fabrication of SrTiO anchored rGO/g-CN photocatalyst for the removal of mixed dye from wastewater: dual photocatalytic mechanism.

A metal-free combination of rGO/g-CN-coupled SrTiO (SRN) ternary nanocomposite prepared via a wet impregnation method for UV-Vis light photocatalytic applications. Various physicochemical properties of the samples were investigated by several spectroscopic techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, Raman, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM-EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), UV-Vis, photoluminescence (PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The data suggest agglomerated SRT nanoparticles are dispersed and distributed throughout the surface of the rGO sheets and GCN nanostructures.

Hypolipidemic and Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Sesamol and Possible Mechanisms of Action: A Comprehensive Review.

Sesamol is a phenolic lignan isolated from seeds and sesame oil. Numerous studies have reported that sesamol exhibits lipid-lowering and anti-atherogenic properties. The lipid-lowering effects of sesamol are evidenced by its effects on serum lipid levels, which have been attributed to its potential for significantly influencing molecular processes involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation as well as cholesterol metabolism.

Discovery of novel papain-like protease inhibitors for potential treatment of COVID-19.

The recent emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants creates an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic agents to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks. Among SARS-CoV-2 essential proteases is papain-like protease (SARS-CoV-2 PLpro), which plays multiple roles in regulating SARS-CoV-2 viral spread and innate immunity such as deubiquitinating and deISG15ylating (interferon-induced gene 15) activities. Many studies are currently focused on targeting this protease to tackle SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Berberine in Lung Tissue and its Potential Application in Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19.

Natural products with known safety profiles are a promising source for the discovery of new drug leads. Berberine presents an example of one such phytochemical that has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties against myriads of diseases, ranging from respiratory disorders to viral infections. A growing body of research supports the pluripotent therapeutic role berberine may play against the dreaded disease COVID-19.

Stereoselective Late-Stage Transformations of Indolo[2,3-]quinolizines Skeleta to Nature-Inspired Scaffolds.

The indolo[2,3-]quinolizines, canthines, and arborescidines natural products exhibit a wide range of bioactivities including anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory, among others. Therefore, the development of modular and efficient strategies to access the core scaffolds of these classes of natural products is a remarkable achievement. The Complexity-to-Diversity (CtD) strategy has become a powerful tool that transforms natural products into skeletal and stereochemical diversity.

Thymoquinone, a major constituent in Nigella sativa seeds, is a potential preventative and treatment option for atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a widespread and progressive chronic arterial disease that remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is generally accepted that atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by dyslipidemia and inflammation in the vessel walls. Nonpharmacological interventions to treat chronic diseases like atherosclerosis have gained considerable attention in recent years.

Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of sesamin: mechanisms of action and future directions.

Inflammation is associated with the development and progression of various disorders including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Sesamin, a fat-soluble lignan derived from seeds and oil, has received increased attention due to its wide array of pharmacological properties including its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential. To date, no review has been conducted to summarize or analyze the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory roles of sesamin.

Stereocontrolled transformations of cyclohexadienone derivatives to access stereochemically rich and natural product-inspired architectures.

The last two decades or so have witnessed an upsurge in defining the art of designing complex natural products and nature-inspired molecules. Throughout these decades, fundamental insights into stereocontrolled, step-economic and atom-economical synthesis principles were achieved by the numerous synthetic accomplishments particularly in diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS). This has empowered the visualization of the third dimension in synthetic design and thus has resulted in a dramatic increase with today's diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) at the forefront enabling access to diverse scaffolds with a high degree of stereochemical and skeletal complexity.

Divergent Strategy for Diastereocontrolled Synthesis of Small- and Medium-Ring Architectures.

Nitrogen and oxygen medium rings, in particular nine-membered rings, epitomize a unique area of chemical space that occurs in many natural products and biologically appealing compounds. The scarcity of 8- to 12-membered rings among clinically approved drugs is indicative of the difficulties associated with their synthesis, principally owing to the unfavorable entropy and transannular strain. We report here a scandium triflate-catalyzed reaction that allows for a modular access to a diverse collection of nine-membered ring heterocycles in a one-pot cascade and with complete diastereocontrol.

Use of A Hydroalcoholic Extract of Leaves for the Green Synthesis of Bismuth Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Anti-Microbial and Antioxidant Activities.

The employment of plant extracts in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a very attractive approach in the field of green synthesis. To benefit from the potential synergy between the biological activities of the and metallic bismuth, our study aimed to achieve a green synthesis of phytochemical encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles using a hydroalcoholic extract of leaves. The total phenolic content in the leaves extract used was 23.

Green Synthesis of Encapsulated Copper Nanoparticles Using a Hydroalcoholic Extract of Leaves and Assessment of Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities.

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts is a very promising method in green synthesis. The medicinal value of leaves and the antimicrobial activity of metallic copper were combined in the present study to synthesize copper nanoparticles having a desirable added-value inorganic material. The use of a hydroalcoholic extract of leaves for the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles is an attractive method as it leads to the production of harmless chemicals and reduces waste.

Domino Transformations of Ene/Yne Tethered Salicylaldehyde Derivatives: Pluripotent Platforms for the Construction of High sp Content and Privileged Architectures.

Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) has become a powerful synthetic tool that facilitates the construction of nature-inspired and privileged chemical space, particularly for sp -rich non-flat scaffolds, which are needed for phenotypic screening campaigns. These diverse compound collections led to the discovery of novel chemotypes that can modulate the protein function in underrepresented biological space. In this context, starting material-driven DOS is one of the most important tools used to build diverse compound libraries with rich stereochemical and scaffold diversity.

One-Pot Synthesis of Diverse Collections of Benzoxazepine and Indolopyrazine Fused to Heterocyclic Systems.

The development of efficient and modular synthetic methods for the synthesis of diverse collection of privileged substructures needed for a drug design and discovery campaign is highly desirable. Benzoxazepine and indolopyrazine ring systems form the core structures of distinct members of biologically significant molecules. Several members of these families have gained attention due to their broad biological activities, which depend on the type of ring-fusion and peripheral substitution patterns.

Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Activity of Xanthones Obtained via Semi-Synthetic Modification of α-Mangostin from Garcinia mangostana.

The microbial contamination in food packaging has been a major concern that has paved the way to search for novel, natural anti-microbial agents, such as modified α-mangostin. In the present study, twelve synthetic analogs were obtained through semi-synthetic modification of α-mangostin by Ritter reaction, reduction by palladium-carbon (Pd-C), alkylation, and acetylation. The evaluation of the anti-microbial potential of the synthetic analogs showed higher bactericidal activity than the parent molecule.

Design, synthesis and SAR analysis of potent BACE1 inhibitors: Possible lead drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease.

We have identified potent isophthalic acid derivatives armed with imidazol and indolyl groups as potent β-secretase inhibitors. The most effective analogs demonstrated low nano-molar potency for the BACE1 (β-secretase cleaving enzyme) as measured by FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) and cell-based (ELISA) assays. Our design strategy followed a traditional SAR approach and was supported by molecular modeling studies based on previously reported hydroxyethylene transition state inhibitor derived from isophthalic acid I.

Preparation and characterization of gatifloxacin-loaded sodium alginate hydrogel membranes supplemented with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers for wound dressing.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate gatifloxacin-loaded sodium alginate hydrogel membranes, supplemented with glycerol (a plasticizer), glutaraldehyde (a cross-linking agent), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) polymers, as potential wound dressing materials based on their physicochemical properties and the sustain-release phenomenon.

Materials And Methods: The physicochemical properties of the prepared hydrogel membranes were evaluated by several methods including Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry. Different techniques were used to assess the swelling behavior, tensile strength and elongation, % moisture absorption, % moisture loss, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and microbial penetration for the hydrogel membranes.

Carbon nanotube-ionic liquid composite sensors and biosensors.

A new composite electrode has been fabricated using multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and the ionic liquid n-octylpyridinum hexafluorophosphate (OPFP). This electrode shows very attractive electrochemical performances compared to other conventional electrodes using graphite and mineral oil, notably improved sensitivity and stability. One major advantage of this electrode compared to other electrodes using carbon nanotubes and other ionic liquids is its extremely low capacitance and background currents.

Semiconducting metal oxide based sensors for selective gas pollutant detection.

A review of some papers published in the last fifty years that focus on the semiconducting metal oxide (SMO) based sensors for the selective and sensitive detection of various environmental pollutants is presented.

Identification of carbonyl sulfide and sulfur dioxide in porcine coronary artery by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, possible relevance to EDHF.

Incubation of porcine coronary artery rings and cardiac muscle tissue in Krebs buffer followed by GC/MS analysis of the headspace gas revealed two gases, carbonyl sulfide (COS) and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)). The gases were identified by characteristic ions obtained by electron ionization, and by comparison of the retention time on a chromatographic column (GS GasPro) with standards of these gases. Stimulation of the arterial rings with acetylcholine and calcium ionophore A23187 increased the levels of SO(2) and COS in the vascular tissue.

Effective Precursors for Sulfur Monoxide Formation.

When triphenylmethanesulfenyl chloride (12) (or its thio 13 or dithio homolog 14) are treated with hindered olefins 15 and 16, thiiranes 10 and 11 are produced in high isolated yields (ca. 94%). Treatment of 10 and 11 with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) leads to the formation of thiirane 1-oxides 8 and 9 (99% isolated yields).