Toxoplasmosis Infection during Pregnancy.

This literature review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge concerning how a toxoplasmosis infection affects the mother and her fetus. A thorough search of PubMed and a complimentary search of Google Scholar databases were used to identify relevant studies for this review. Although a infection is preventable, this infection is contracted by consuming contaminated food and water and by exposure to environmental sources of infection such as contaminated soil.

Geographical Variability in Mutations in Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a rare type of glaucoma that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. PCG can lead to blindness if not detected early in children aged 3 or younger. PCG varies in presentation among various populations, where disease presentation and disease severity vary by mutation.

Adverse outcomes associated with the treatment of Toxoplasma infections.

Adverse outcomes associated with the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infections in patients with various health backgrounds have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to identify the adverse outcomes and adverse events associated with the current clinical treatments of Toxoplama gondii infections using real world data reported to the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS). Data submitted to FAERS between 2013 and 2019 was retrieved and analyzed.

Practices of patients consuming antibiotics and knowledge about antibiotic resistance in Hail region - Saudi Arabia.

Aim: Antibiotic misuse is considered one of the major causes of antimicrobial resistance.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the practices of antibiotic misuse in the region of Hail, Saudi Arabia and the extent of people awareness of antibiotic resistance.

Methods: Participants ≥18 years of age of both genders were recruit by convenience sampling from different public places.

Pharmacy Malpractice: The rate and prevalence of dispensing high-risk prescription-only medications at community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To assess the compliance of community pharmacies with the regulations that prohibit the dispensing of prescription-only medications in the absence of a physician prescription in Saudi Arabia.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between October 2014 and January 2015. A list of 10 prescription-only medications were selected to be studied.

An ensemble of specifically targeted proteins stabilizes cortical microtubules in the human parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

Although all microtubules within a single cell are polymerized from virtually identical subunits, different microtubule populations carry out specialized and diverse functions, including directional transport, force generation, and cellular morphogenesis. Functional differentiation requires specific targeting of associated proteins to subsets or even subregions of these polymers. The cytoskeleton of Toxoplasma gondii, an important human parasite, contains at least five distinct tubulin-based structures.

Guanabenz repurposed as an antiparasitic with activity against acute and latent toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that persists as a chronic infection. Toxoplasma evades immunity by forming tissue cysts, which reactivate to cause life-threatening disease during immune suppression. There is an urgent need to identify drugs capable of targeting these latent tissue cysts, which tend to form in the brain.

Suppression of subtelomeric VSG switching by Trypanosoma brucei TRF requires its TTAGGG repeat-binding activity.

Trypanosoma brucei causes human African trypanosomiasis and regularly switches its major surface antigen, VSG, in the bloodstream of its mammalian host to evade the host immune response. VSGs are expressed exclusively from subtelomeric loci, and we have previously shown that telomere proteins TbTIF2 and TbRAP1 play important roles in VSG switching and VSG silencing regulation, respectively. We now discover that the telomere duplex DNA-binding factor, TbTRF, also plays a critical role in VSG switching regulation, as a transient depletion of TbTRF leads to significantly more VSG switching events.

Trypanosoma brucei Orc1 is essential for nuclear DNA replication and affects both VSG silencing and VSG switching.

Binding of the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) to replication origins is essential for initiation of DNA replication, but ORC has non-essential functions outside of DNA replication, including in heterochromatic gene silencing and telomere maintenance. Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite that causes human African trypanosomiasis, uses antigenic variation as a major virulence mechanism to evade the host's immune attack by expressing its major surface antigen, the Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG), in a monoallelic manner. An Orc1/Cdc6 homologue has been identified in T.