Impact of the COVID-19 era on preventative primary care for children 0-5 years old: a scoping review protocol.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread disruptions to primary healthcare delivery and shifts to virtual care. Reduced in-person paediatric primary care visit rates have been reported. However, the extent to which access to primary preventative care has been impacted remains unclear.

Connecting families: a qualitative study examining the experiences of parenting young children under financial strain in Ontario, Canada.

Background: There is little research investigating the subjective experiences of parenting young children while living in poverty and experiencing financial strain using qualitative methodologies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to employ a qualitative approach to provide a nuanced and balanced view on the topic of parenting young children under financial strain in the Canadian context.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews between July and August 2021 in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Engaging people with lived experiences on community advisory boards in community-based participatory research: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a collaborative research approach that equally engages researchers and community stakeholders throughout all steps of the research process to facilitate social change and increase research relevance. Community advisory boards (CABs) are a CBPR tool in which individuals with lived experience and community organisations are integrated into the research process and ensure the work aligns with community priorities. We seek to (1) explore the best practices for the recruitment and engagement of people with lived experiences on CABs and (2) identify the scope of literature on minimising power dynamics between organisations and community members with lived experience who work on CABs together.

Social prescribing for children and youth: A scoping review protocol.

Social prescribing is suited to all age groups, but it is especially important for children and youth, as it is well understood that this population is particularly vulnerable to the effects of the social determinants of health and health inequities, and that intervening at this stage of life has the greatest impact on health and wellbeing over the life course. While this population has largely been neglected in social prescribing research, policy, and practice, several evaluations of social prescribing for children and youth have emerged in recent years, which calls for a review of the evidence on this topic. Thus, the objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence on the use of social prescribing for children and youth.

Association Between Family Income and Positive Developmental Screening Using the Infant Toddler Checklist at the 18-Month Health Supervision Visit.

Objective: To examine the associations between several potential predictors (child biologic, social, and family factors) and a positive screen for developmental delay using the Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) at the 18-month health supervision visit in primary care.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of healthy children attending an 18-month health supervision visit in primary care. Parents completed a standardized questionnaire, addressing child, social, and family characteristics, and the ITC.

Trends in attachment to a primary care provider in Ontario, 2008-2018: an interrupted time-series analysis.

Background: Attachment to a regular primary care provider is associated with better health outcomes, but 15% of people in Canada lack a consistent source of ongoing primary care. We sought to evaluate trends in attachment to a primary care provider in Ontario in 2008-2018, through an equity lens and in relation to policy changes in implementation of payment reforms and team-based care.

Methods: Using linked, population-level administrative data, we conducted a retrospective observational study to calculate rates of patients attached to a regular primary care provider from Apr.

Establishing internationally accepted conceptual and operational definitions of social prescribing through expert consensus: a Delphi study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish internationally accepted conceptual and operational definitions of social prescribing.

Design: A three-round Delphi study was conducted.

Setting: This study was conducted virtually using an online survey platform.

Financial stress during COVID-19: implications for parenting behaviour and child well-being.

Background: Family financial stress and parenting behaviours are each associated with child behaviours. We sought to explore the association between parent financial stress and child socioemotional and behavioural difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine parenting behaviour, including overreactive and lax parenting approaches, as a potential mediator to this relationship.

Methods: Cross-sectional sample of parent and child data pairings in Ontario, Canada between April and November of 2020.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life and learning experiences of indigenous and non-Indigenous university and college students in Ontario, Canada: a qualitative study.

Background: The years people spend attending university or college are often filled with transition and life change. Younger students often move into their adult identity by working through challenges and encountering new social experiences. These transitions and stresses have been impacted significantly by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to dramatic change in the post-secondary experience, particularly in the pandemic's early months when colleges and universities were closed to in person teaching.

Association of physician financial incentives with primary care enrolment of adults with serious mental illnesses in Ontario: a retrospective observational population-based study.

Background: Financial incentives may improve primary care access for adults with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (serious mental illness [SMI]). We studied the association between receipt of the SMI financial premium paid to primary care physicians and rostering of adults with SMI in different patient enrolment models (PEMs), including enhanced fee-for-service and capitation-based models with and without interdisciplinary team-based care.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving Ontario adults (≥18 yr) with SMI in PEM practices, in fiscal years 2016/17 and 2017/18.

Directed content analysis: A life course approach to understanding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic with implications for public health and social service policy.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had broad impacts on individuals, families and communities which will continue to require multidimensional responses from service providers, program developers, and policy makers.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to use Life Course theory to understand and imagine public health and policy responses to the multiple and varied impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on different groups.

Methods: "The Cost of COVID-19" was a research study carried out in Kingston, Frontenac, Lennox and Addington counties in South Eastern Ontario, Canada, between June and December 2020.

Predictive validity of the Infant Toddler Checklist in primary care at the 18-month visit and developmental diagnosis at 3-5 years: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: There is international variation in recommendations regarding developmental screening and growing recognition of the low sensitivity of commonly used developmental screening tools. Our objective was to examine the predictive validity of the Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) at 18 months to predict a developmental diagnosis at 3-5 years, in a primary care setting.

Methods: We designed a prospective cohort study, recruiting in primary care in Toronto, Canada.

Food worry and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: There is limited and inconsistent literature examining the relationship between food worry and mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the association between food worry and mental health among community dwelling Canadian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Adults age 16 years and older completed an anonymous online questionnaire between April 1, 2020 and November 30 2020.

Identification and engagement of naturally occurring retirement communities to support healthy aging in Canada: A set of methods for replication.

Background: Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs), unplanned communities with a high proportion of older adult residents, offer a model to support older adults to age well in place. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive description of the methods used to identify and engage NORCs appropriate for the development of supportive service programming in Canada.

Methods: Three steps were used to identify and select NORCs in which to develop supportive service programming including: 1) identification of potential NORCs using Canadian Census Dissemination Areas, the Ontario Marginalization Index and Google Maps, 2) engagement of property owner/manager to determine the availability of common space for communal programming and willingness of the owner to support programming and, 3) engagement of older adult residents within the NORC to co-design programming.

CUP study: protocol for a comparative analysis of centralised waitlist effectiveness, policies and innovations for connecting unattached patients to primary care providers.

Introduction: Access to a primary care provider is a key component of high-functioning healthcare systems. In Canada, 15% of patients do not have a regular primary care provider and are classified as 'unattached'. In an effort to link unattached patients with a provider, seven Canadian provinces implemented centralised waitlists (CWLs).

Spirituality, Community Belonging, and Mental Health Outcomes of Indigenous Peoples during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We aimed to assess the association between community belonging, spirituality, and mental health outcomes among Indigenous Peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional observational study used online survey distribution and targeted outreach to the local Indigenous community to collect a convenience sample between 23 April 2020 and 20 November 2020. The surveys included demographic information, self-reported symptoms of depression (PHQ-2) and anxiety (GAD-2), and measures of the sense of community belonging and the importance of spirituality.

The 2020 Rourke Baby Record release: A time for reflection and looking forward.

The Rourke Baby Record (RBR) is a health supervision guide for providing care and anticipatory guidance to children aged 0 to 5 years in Canada. First developed in 1979, it has been revised regularly to ensure that it remains current and evidence-informed. The RBR has a longstanding relationship with the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS), and relies on this organization for its expertise to inform the RBR guide's content.

Development and validation of an algorithm using health administrative data to define patient attachment to primary care providers.

Purpose: The authors developed and validated an algorithm using health administrative data to identify patients who are attached or uncertainly attached to a primary care provider (PCP) using patient responses to a survey conducted in Ontario, Canada.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a validation study using as a reference standard respondents to a community-based survey who indicated they did or did not have a PCP. The authors developed and tested health administrative algorithms against this reference standard.

2020 edition of the Rourke Baby Record: What is new in preventive care of children up to 5 years of age?

Objective: To update primary care providers practising well-child and well-baby clinical care on the evidence that contributed to the recommendations of the 2020 edition of the Rourke Baby Record (RBR).

Quality Of Evidence: Pediatric preventive care literature was searched from June 2016 to May 2019, primary research studies were reviewed and critically appraised using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, and recommendations were updated where there was support from the literature.

Main Message: Notable changes in the 2020 edition of the RBR include the recommendations to limit or avoid consumption of highly processed foods high in dietary sodium, to ensure safe sleep (healthy infants should sleep on their backs and on a firm surface for every sleep, and should sleep in a crib, cradle, or bassinette in the parents' room for the first 6 months of life), to not swaddle infants after they attempt to roll, to inquire about food insecurity, to encourage parents to read and sing to infants and children, to limit screen time for children younger than 2 years of age (although it is accepted for videocalling), to educate parents on risks and harms associated with e-cigarettes and cannabis, to avoid pesticide use, to wash all fruits and vegetables that cannot be peeled, to be aware of the new Canadian Caries Risk Assessment Tool, to note new red flags for cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental problems, and to pay attention to updated high-risk groups for lead and anemia screening.

Child Maltreatment and Public Health: Do Gaps in Response during the COVID-19 Pandemic Highlight Jurisdictional Complexities?

: Countermeasures introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic produced an environment that placed some children at increased risk of maltreatment at the same time as there were decreased opportunities for identifying and reporting abuse. Unfortunately, coordinated government responses to address child protection since the start of the pandemic have been limited in Canada. As an exploratory study to examine the potential academic evidence base and location of expertise that could have been used to inform COVID-19 pandemic response, we undertook a review of child maltreatment research across three prominent Canadian professional journals in social work, medicine and public health.