Robin Sequence Facial Profile After Conservative Treatment: A Long-Term Follow-Up.

Introduction: Robin sequence (RS) is a congenital clinical condition characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and respiratory distress. Conservative methods could be responsible for releasing feeding and respiratory impairment but little information about mandibular growth is known in long-term follow-up.

Objective: Assessing the longitudinal behavior of the facial profile of individuals with isolated RS who underwent conservative micrognathia treatment using photographs during the whole craniofacial growth.

Neurological Development of Children With Isolated Robin Sequence Treated With Nasopharyngeal Intubation in Early Infancy.

The study assessed the neurodevelopment of children with isolated Robin sequence (IRS) and evaluated if children treated exclusively with nasopharyngeal intubation (NPI) present delay in neurological development. The prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Brazil. Children with IRS were divided into two groups according to the type of treatment in early infancy: 38 were treated with NPI (more severe cases) and 24 with postural treatment (less severe cases).

Evaluation of Delayed Puberty in Adolescents With Cleft Lip/Palate.

Objective: To assess the frequency of delayed puberty in adolescents with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P).

Design: This was a cross-sectional study of 203 patients with CL/P and no associated syndromes treated at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. We evaluated boys aged 14-19 years and girls aged 13-18 years.

Assessment of speech nasality in children with Robin Sequence.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of primary palatoplasty in Robin Sequence (RS); to verify the relationship between modalities of assessment of nasality; to compare nasality between techniques at palatoplasty.

Methods: This study involved the identification of hypernasality in four modalities: live assessment with 4-point scale; live assessment with cul-de-sac test; multiple listeners' ratings of recorded phrase; nasometric assessment. Live ratings of speech nasality and nasalance scores were retrieved from charts, while a recorded phrase was rated by listeners for occurrence of hypernasality.

Weight, Length, and Body Mass Index Growth of Children Under 2 Years of Age With Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective: To study the growth of length-for-age (L/A), weight-for-age (W/A), and body mass index (BMI) of children with cleft lip and palate receiving a normal diet; to establish specific growth curves for children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CLP/ICP) who had not undergone palatoplasty and for children with isolated cleft lip (ICL); and to assess if CLP/ICP growth differed from ICL growth and if CLP/ICP and ICL growth differed from growth for typical children.

Design: Prospective and cross-sectional study.

Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.

Longitudinal study of growth of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate: 2 to 10 years of age.

Objective : To study the growth of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) from 2 to 10 years of age and to assess whether growth varied from that of children without UCLP (typical children). Design : Physical growth was one of the outcome measures of a National Institutes of Health-sponsored longitudinal, prospective clinical trial conducted by the University of Florida and the University of São Paulo. Setting : Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP), Bauru, Brazil.

[Feeding children in the immediate perioperative period after palatoplasty: a comparison between techniques using a cup and a spoon].

This prospective study conducted at the Hospital for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies aimed to compare the best technique - a cup or a spoon - for feeding children immediately after palatoplasty. We assessed 44 children and their caregivers during feeding every 4 hours; this generated 176 evaluations: 88 using a cup and 88 using a spoon. The Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.

Otologic and audiologic outcomes with the Furlow and von Langenbeck with intravelar veloplasty palatoplasties in unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Objective: Cleft palate increases the risk of chronic middle ear disease and hearing loss. The goal of this report was to determine which of two palate surgeries and which timing of palate surgery were associated with better otologic and audiologic outcomes in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate at 5 to 6 years of age.

Design: Subjects were randomly assigned to the von Langenbeck with intravelar veloplasty or Furlow palate repair, to palate surgery at 9 to 12 months or 15 to 18 months of age, and to the Spina or Millard lip repair.

Clinical and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in Robin sequence treated with nasopharyngeal intubation: the importance of feeding facilitating techniques.

Objective: To evaluate oral feeding capacity, the swallowing process, and risk for aspiration, both clinically and during fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, in infants with isolated Robin sequence treated exclusively with nasopharyngeal intubation and feeding facilitating techniques.

Design: Longitudinal and prospective study.

Setting: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.

Longitudinal study of growth of children with unilateral cleft-lip palate from birth to two years of age.

Objective: To study the growth of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) from birth to 2 years of age and to construct specific UCLP growth curves.

Design: Physical growth was a secondary outcome measure of a National Institutes of Health-sponsored longitudinal, prospective clinical trial involving the University of Florida (United States) and the University of São Paulo (Brazil).

Patients: Six hundred twenty-seven children with UCLP, nonsyndromic, both genders.

Gastroesophageal reflux in severe cases of Robin sequence treated with nasopharyngeal intubation.

Objective: To study the prevalence of abnormal gastroesophageal reflux in infants with Robin sequence who had severe respiratory obstruction treated with nasopharyngeal intubation and to evaluate the efficacy of nonsurgical treatment.

Design: Longitudinal prospective study.

Setting: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Nasopharyngeal intubation in Robin sequence: technique and management.

Objective: To provide a detailed description of the nasopharyngeal intubation (NPI) technique and photographs, which should be helpful for those who may need to perform it for treating the airway obstruction in Robin sequence.

Design: To describe and illustrate the NPI technique and the necessary considerations for its application.

Setting: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofacial of University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Longitudinal study of the growth of infants with isolated Robin sequence considered being severe cases.

Aim: To study the growth of infants with isolated Robin sequence (IRS) considered being severe cases during the first 6 months of life.

Methods: Twenty infants with IRS, considered being severe cases were followed in a pure prospective longitudinal study. Feeding facilitating techniques were applied to all infants after airway disobstruction and a hypercaloric diet was offered.

Feeding-facilitating techniques for the nursing infant with Robin sequence.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of feeding-facilitating techniques in children with Robin sequence.

Setting: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.

Patients: Twenty-six children less than 2 months of age with Robin sequence, whose only cause of respiratory obstruction was glossoptosis.

Growth impairment of children with different types of lip and palate clefts in the first 2 years of life: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To analyze the differences in growth impairment according to sex in the 2 first years of life in children with three types of clefts.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 881 children (58.9% boys and 41.

[Robin sequence: a single treatment protocol].

Objective: To present a single protocol that might cover both the respiratory and feeding difficulties of neonates and infants with Robin sequence.

Sources Of Data: The article was prepared on the basis of the most recent publications available in bibliographic databases and in books that discuss the treatment of Robin sequence, especially the studies conducted at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies of Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC/USP).

Summary Of The Findings: We present the morphological and genetic aspects of Robin sequence and concepts about nasopharyngoscopy and its clinical implications; we discuss the treatment of respiratory and feeding difficulties, and we present a single protocol for the treatment of all Robin sequence cases regardless of their severity and complexity.

Growth of children with isolated Robin sequence treated by nasopharyngeal intubation: importance of a hypercaloric diet.

Objective: To compare the growth curves (weight and length) of two groups of infants with isolated Robin sequence (RS) treated with nasopharyngeal intubation (NPI), one group receiving a hypercaloric diet and the other receiving a normal diet for age, and compare the growth rates and duration of NPI between the two groups.

Design: Prospective longitudinal study.

Setting: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil, 1998 to 2000.

Nasopharyngoscopy in Robin sequence: clinical and predictive value.

Objective: To correlate nasopharyngoscopic findings with clinical manifestations during the first month of life and study the course of respiratory obstruction during the first year in infants with Robin sequence (RS).

Design: A longitudinal prospective study of children with RS.

Setting: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil, 1998 to 2000.