Negative valence in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A worldwide mega-analysis of task-based functional neuroimaging data of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with altered brain function related to processing of negative emotions. To investigate neural correlates of negative valence in OCD, we pooled fMRI data of 633 individuals with OCD and 453 healthy controls from 16 studies using different negatively-valenced tasks across the ENIGMA-OCD Working-Group.

Methods: Participant data were processed uniformly using HALFpipe, to extract voxelwise participant-level statistical images of one common first-level contrast: negative vs.

Burst versus continuous delivery design in digital mental health interventions: Evidence from a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Digital mental health interventions delivered via smartphone-based apps effectively treat various conditions; however, optimizing their efficacy while minimizing participant burden remains a key challenge. In this study, we investigated the potential benefits of a burst delivery design (i.e.

Attentional Biases and Their Association with Substance-Use-Related Problems and Addictive Behaviors: The Utility of a Gamified Value-Modulated Attentional Capture Task.

Background: Attentional biases towards reward stimuli have been implicated in substance use-related problems. The value-modulated attentional capture (VMAC) task assesses such reward-related biases. The VMAC task widely used in lab studies tends to be monotonous and susceptible to low effort.

Imager-A mobile health mental imagery-based ecological momentary intervention targeting reward sensitivity: A randomized controlled trial.

Robust reward sensitivity may help preserve mental well-being in the face of adversity and has been proposed as a key stress resilience factor. Here, we present a mobile health application, "Imager," which targets reward sensitivity by training individuals to create mental images of future rewarding experiences. We conducted a two-arm randomized controlled trial with 95 participants screened for reward sensitivity.

Psychological Resilience Factors and Their Association With Weekly Stressor Reactivity During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Europe: Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Background: Cross-sectional relationships between psychosocial resilience factors (RFs) and resilience, operationalized as the outcome of low mental health reactivity to stressor exposure (low "stressor reactivity" [SR]), were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

Objective: Extending these findings, we here examined prospective relationships and weekly dynamics between the same RFs and SR in a longitudinal sample during the aftermath of the first wave in several European countries.

Methods: Over 5 weeks of app-based assessments, participants reported weekly stressor exposure, mental health problems, RFs, and demographic data in 1 of 6 different languages.

Dynamic Modelling of Mental Resilience in Young Adults: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Study (DynaM-OBS).

Background: Stress-related mental disorders are highly prevalent and pose a substantial burden on individuals and society. Improving strategies for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders requires a better understanding of their risk and resilience factors. This multicenter study aims to contribute to this endeavor by investigating psychological resilience in healthy but susceptible young adults over 9 months.

Drinking motives, personality traits and life stressors-identifying pathways to harmful alcohol use in adolescence using a panel network approach.

Background And Aims: Models of alcohol use risk suggest that drinking motives represent the most proximal risk factors on which more distal factors converge. However, little is known about how distinct risk factors influence each other and alcohol use on different temporal scales (within a given moment versus over time). We aimed to estimate the dynamic associations of distal (personality and life stressors) and proximal (drinking motives) risk factors, and their relationship to alcohol use in adolescence and early adulthood using a novel graphical vector autoregressive (GVAR) panel network approach.

The functional connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder: resting-state mega-analysis and machine learning classification for the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.

Current knowledge about functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is based on small-scale studies, limiting the generalizability of results. Moreover, the majority of studies have focused only on predefined regions or functional networks rather than connectivity throughout the entire brain. Here, we investigated differences in resting-state functional connectivity between OCD patients and healthy controls (HC) using mega-analysis of data from 1024 OCD patients and 1028 HC from 28 independent samples of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.

Cannabis Use Disorder Symptoms in Weekly Cannabis Users: A Network Comparison Between Daily Cigarette Users and Nondaily Cigarette Users.

Concurrent use (co-use) of cannabis and tobacco is common and associated with worse clinical outcomes compared with cannabis use only. The mechanisms and interactions of cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptoms underlying co-use remain poorly understood. We examined differences in the symptom presence and symptom network configurations between weekly cannabis users who use tobacco daily (co-users, =789) or non- or nondaily (nondaily co-users, =428).

A fast and intuitive method for calculating dynamic network reconfiguration and node flexibility.

Dynamic interactions between brain regions, either during rest or performance of cognitive tasks, have been studied extensively using a wide variance of methods. Although some of these methods allow elegant mathematical interpretations of the data, they can easily become computationally expensive or difficult to interpret and compare between subjects or groups. Here, we propose an intuitive and computationally efficient method to measure dynamic reconfiguration of brain regions, also termed flexibility.

How alcohol makes the epigenetic clock tick faster and the clock reversing effect of abstinence.

This study investigated the recently reported association between alcohol dependence and accelerated ageing and the potential effects of abstinence and relapse on DNA methylation status using Levine's epigenetic clock to estimate DNA methylation age in two independent cohorts. The first sample comprised 88 (15 female) detoxified patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and 32 (5 female) healthy control (CON) subjects (NCT02615977), and the second included 69 (10 female) AUD patients that were followed up for 12 months with respect to relapse (n = 38, 4 female) and abstinence (n = 31, 6 female) (NCT01679145). To account for the different aspects of ageing captured by various clocks, we performed additional analyses of the first-generation Horvath clock and next-generation Zhang clock.

Residential green space and air pollution are associated with brain activation in a social-stress paradigm.

We examined the influence of three major environmental variables at the place of residence as potential moderating variables for neurofunctional activation during a social-stress paradigm. Data from functional magnetic resonance imaging of 42 male participants were linked to publicly accessible governmental databases providing information on amount of green space, air pollution, and noise pollution. We hypothesized that stress-related brain activation in regions important for emotion regulation were associated positively with green space and associated negatively with air pollution and noise pollution.

Precuneus connectivity and symptom severity in chronic depression.

Although abnormal resting state connectivity within several brain networks has been repeatedly reported in depression, little is known about connectivity in patients with early onset chronic depression. We compared resting state connectivity in a homogenous sample of 32 unmedicated patients with early onset chronic depression and 40 healthy control participants in a seed-to-voxel-analysis. According to previous meta-analyses on resting state connectivity in depression, 12 regions implicated in default mode, limbic, frontoparietal and ventral attention networks were chosen as seeds.

ENIGMA HALFpipe: Interactive, reproducible, and efficient analysis for resting-state and task-based fMRI data.

The reproducibility crisis in neuroimaging has led to an increased demand for standardized data processing workflows. Within the ENIGMA consortium, we developed HALFpipe (Harmonized Analysis of Functional MRI pipeline), an open-source, containerized, user-friendly tool that facilitates reproducible analysis of task-based and resting-state fMRI data through uniform application of preprocessing, quality assessment, single-subject feature extraction, and group-level statistics. It provides state-of-the-art preprocessing using fMRIPrep without the requirement for input data in Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) format.

Coping with COVID: risk and resilience factors for mental health in a German representative panel study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic might affect mental health. Data from population-representative panel surveys with multiple waves including pre-COVID data investigating risk and protective factors are still rare.

Methods: In a stratified random sample of the German household population ( = 6684), we conducted survey-weighted multiple linear regressions to determine the association of various psychological risk and protective factors assessed between 2015 and 2020 with changes in psychological distress [(PD; measured via Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4)] from pre-pandemic (average of 2016 and 2019) to peri-pandemic (both 2020 and 2021) time points.

The interaction of child abuse and rs1360780 of the FKBP5 gene is associated with amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in young adults.

Extensive research has demonstrated that rs1360780, a common single nucleotide polymorphism within the FKBP5 gene, interacts with early-life stress in predicting psychopathology. Previous results suggest that carriers of the TT genotype of rs1360780 who were exposed to child abuse show differences in structure and functional activation of emotion-processing brain areas belonging to the salience network. Extending these findings on intermediate phenotypes of psychopathology, we examined if the interaction between rs1360780 and child abuse predicts resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the amygdala and other areas of the salience network.

Association of the A118G polymorphism and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer: Clinical relevance for alcohol dependence.

Background: Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) quantifies the extent to which a stimulus that has been associated with reward or punishment alters operant behaviour. In alcohol dependence (AD), the PIT effect serves as a paradigmatic model of cue-induced relapse. Preclinical studies have suggested a critical role of the opioid system in modulating Pavlovian-instrumental interactions.

Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.

Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness.

Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.

Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry.

Natural sleep loss is associated with lower mPFC activity during negative distracter processing.

Previous research has demonstrated that loss of sleep has a negative impact on both emotional and cognitive functioning. We examined whether subjectively reported natural sleep loss is associated with the interplay between emotion and cognition, as was probed by brain activity in response to emotional distraction during a working memory task. Forty-six healthy male adults reported their typical weekly sleep pattern using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), while recent sleep loss was enquired using a sleep diary in the 7 days preceding scanning.