Publications by authors named "Ilya Karagodin"

Background: Severe COVID-19 infection is known to alter myocardial perfusion through its effects on the endothelium and microvasculature. However, the majority of patients with COVID-19 infection experience only mild symptoms, and it is unknown if their myocardial perfusion is altered after infection.

Objectives: The authors aimed to determine if there are abnormalities in myocardial blood flow (MBF), as measured by stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), in individuals after a mild COVID-19 infection.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study was conducted with 1,047 COVID-19 patients from 18 sites to understand myocardial injury linked to the virus, using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
  • Results showed that 20.9% of patients had nonischemic injury patterns like acute myocarditis, while 6.7% had ischemic injury patterns.
  • Key factors associated with acute myocarditis included elevated troponin and chest discomfort, while acute ischemic patterns were linked to known coronary disease and abnormal ECG findings.
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  • Transthoracic echocardiography is a key imaging tool for assessing cardiac function in COVID-19 patients, and this study aimed to see if AI analysis could predict mortality better than human experts.
  • Researchers evaluated 870 patients, finding a mortality rate of 27.4% after about 230 days; AI analysis showed lower variability and greater accuracy in predicting mortality compared to manual assessments.
  • AI-derived metrics of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and longitudinal strain (LVLS) were significant predictors of mortality, outperforming manual measurements and being more closely correlated with other key biomarkers of acute disease.
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Background: COVID-19 infection is known to cause a wide array of clinical chronic sequelae, but little is known regarding the long-term cardiac complications. We aim to report echocardiographic follow-up findings and describe the changes in left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function that occur following acute infection.

Methods: Patients enrolled in the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography-COVID study with acute COVID-19 infection were asked to return for a follow-up transthoracic echocardiogram.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study compared echocardiographic features and clinical characteristics of 234 patients admitted during the first and second waves of the pandemic to identify factors associated with mortality.
  • Findings revealed a significant reduction in all-cause mortality from 35.2% in the first wave to 14.7% in the second, while certain echocardiographic measures were worse in the first wave, though demographic factors remained constant across the two waves.
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Transillumination (TI) is a new 3D rendering tool that uses a freely movable virtual light source to enhance depth, contours, and image detail. The TI model was recently modified to allow the operator adjust the degree of transparency of both cardiac and extra-cardiac structures. While the addition of transparency was shown to significantly improve quality in 3D transesophageal imaging, this has not yet been shown for transthoracic (TTE) imaging.

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Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus, which has led to the global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is known to adversely affect the cardiovascular system through multiple mechanisms. In this international, multicenter study conducted by the World Alliance Societies of Echocardiography, we aim to determine the clinical and echocardiographic phenotype of acute cardiac disease in COVID-19 patients, to explore phenotypic differences in different geographic regions across the world, and to identify parameters associated with in-hospital mortality.

Methods: We studied 870 patients with acute COVID-19 infection from 13 medical centers in four world regions (Asia, Europe, United States, Latin America) who had undergone transthoracic echocardiograms.

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Background: Accurate visualization of cardiac valves and lesions by three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography is integral for optimal guidance of structural procedures and appropriate selection of closure devices. A new 3D rendering tool known as transillumination (TI), which integrates a virtual light source into the data set, was recently reported to effectively enhance depth perception and orifice definition. We hypothesized that adding the ability to adjust transparency to this tool would result in improved visualization and delineation of anatomy and pathology and improved localization of regurgitant jets compared with TI without transparency and standard 3D rendering.

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Background: Subclinical diastolic dysfunction is a precursor for developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); yet not all patients progress to HFpEF. Our objective was to evaluate clinical and echocardiographic variables to identify patients who develop HFpEF.

Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic data were retrospectively collected for 81 patients without HF and 81 matched patients with HFpEF at the time of first documentation of subclinical diastolic dysfunction.

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Background: Right ventricular (RV) strain is a useful predictor of prognosis in various cardiovascular diseases, including those traditionally believed to impact only the left ventricle. We aimed to determine inter-modality and inter-technique agreement in RV longitudinal strain (LS) measurements between currently available cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and echocardiographic techniques, as well as their reproducibility and the impact of layer-specific strain measurements.

Methods: RV-LS was determined in 62 patients using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE, Epsilon) and two CMR techniques: feature tracking (FT) and strain-encoding (SENC), and in 17 healthy subjects using FT and SENC only.

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A 50 year-old male with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis was deemed too high risk for surgery and referred for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. The valvuloplasty was successful in reducing the trans-mitral gradient and improving the patient's symptoms, however was complicated by a tear in the posteromedial commissure and moderate mitral regurgitation.

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Traumatic ventricular septal defects due to penetrating cardiac injury are uncommon. Transthoracic echocardiography is an essential tool in diagnosis. Options for closure include either surgical or percutaneous repair.

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The importance of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) is increasingly recognized in multiple clinical scenarios. However, in patients with poor image quality, strain is difficult or impossible to measure without contrast enhancement. The feasibility of contrast-enhanced GLS measurement was recently demonstrated.

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Increased vascular stiffness is known to be an independent predictor of mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The effects of sacubitril-valsartan on vascular structure and function have not been systematically studied in this patient population. We hypothesized that aortic distensibility (AD) and fractional area change (AFAC), as assessed by 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), would improve over time in HFrEF patients on sacubitril-valsartan therapy, due to the vasodilatory properties of the medication.

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Background: Identifying which patients with diastolic dysfunction will progress to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains challenging. The goal of this study is to determine whether increased vascular stiffness as identified on 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) serves as a biomarker for the development of HFpEF in patients with diastolic dysfunction.

Methods: The study design is a matched retrospective case-control study.

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Background: All 5 components of metabolic syndrome have been shown to improve with lifestyle and diet modification. New strategies for achieving adherence to meaningful lifestyle change are needed to optimize atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. We performed a systematic literature review, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework (PRISMA), investigating optimal methods for achieving lifestyle change in metabolic syndrome.

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