Atlas-based structural analysis of prefrontal cortex atrophy in major depressive disorder: Correlations with severity and episode frequency.

Background: Current models of major depressive disorder (MDD) primarily focus on the structural and functional changes in key prefrontal areas responsible for emotional regulation. Among these regions some sections such as the dorsal prefrontal area, has received limited attention regarding its structural abnormalities in MDD. This study aims to evaluate volumetric abnormalities in brain regions associated with markers of depression severity and episode frequency.

Volume estimation of brain ventricles using Cavalieri's principle and Atlas-based methods in Alzheimer disease: Consistency between methods.

Automatic estimations of brain ventricles are needed to assess disease progression in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer Disease (AD). The objectives of this study are to evaluate the diagnostic performances of an automated volumetric assessment tool in estimating lateral ventricle volumes in AD and to compare this with Cavalieri's principle, which is accepted as the gold standard method. This is across-sectional volumetric study including 25 Alzheimer patients and 25 healthy subjects undergoing magnetic resonance images (MRI) with a 3D turbo spin echo sequence at 1.

The protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against toluene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to examine the negative effects of toluene on kidney tissues and functions and to investigate the protective effects of CAPE against toluene-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. A total of 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of equal number in each.

Effect of endostatin on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumor in mice.

Endostatin, one of the most potent negative regulators of angiogenesis, is naturally occurring as an inhibitor of angiogenesis capable of inhibiting tumor growth and their metastases. We aimed to investigate the in vivo activities of low dose of recombinant human endostatin on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced mice colon cancer. Thirty male Balb-c mice were injected with DMH (20 mg/kg/week) subcutaneously once a week for 12 weeks to induce colon cancer.

Hepatotoxic activity of toluene inhalation and protective role of melatonin.

This study was designed to investigate the harmful effects of toluene inhalation in the liver of rats and possible protective effects of melatonin on these detrimental effects. For this purpose, 21 adult male Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. Animals in group I were used as control.

Protective effects of CAPE on liver injury induced by CCL₄: an electron microscopy study.

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided in three groups. Group I was used as control.

Effects of testosterone on orchiectomy-induced oxidative damage in the rat hippocampus.

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of the hippocampus after orchiectomy and the protective effects of testosterone on these changes. Animals were divided into 3 groups. The rats in group I were used for sham-orchiectomy.

Effects of formaldehyde inhalation on zinc, copper and iron concentrations in liver and kidney of male rats.

In the present study, adult Wistar albino male rats were exposed to formaldehyde at different periods (subacute and subchronic) and concentrations (5.0 and 10.0 ppm) in order to figure out the changes in the concentration of Zn, Cu and Fe.

Ameliorative effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on histopathological and biochemical changes induced by cigarette smoke in rat kidney.

It was aimed to investigate the histopathological and biochemical changes in kidney tissues of rats exposed to cigarette smoke and possible protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on these changes. Twenty one male Wistar albino rats were divided into three equal groups. Animals in group I were used as control.

Protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat testes: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study.

This study investigated the protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat testes. A total of 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group I was used as a control, Group II was injected every other day with formaldehyde for 1 month, whereas Group III was injected every other day with formaldehyde and melatonin for 1 month.

Protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids in a rat focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model.

Objective: To investigate possible neuroprotective effects of dietary supplementation of fish oil in brain ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).

Methods: This investigation took place in the Experimental Research Unit, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey, from January-February 2006. The study was carried out on 12 male Wistar rats; divided into 2 groups: I/R (control) and I/R + omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFA) (experiment).

The protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids against MK-801-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rat.

The aims of this study are to investigate the contribution effect of oxidative stress in MK-801-induced experimental psychosis model, and to show that prevention of oxidative stress may improve prognosis. Because oxidative damage has been suggested in the neuropathophysiology of schizophrenia, the possible protecting agents against lipid peroxidation are potential target for the studies in this field. For this purpose, Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups: the first group was used as control, MK-801 was given to the rats in the second group and MK-801+omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFA) was given to the third group.

Effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced nephropathy in rats.

The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity of formaldehyde (FA) on the kidney and the protective effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids against these toxic effects. Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Rats in Group I comprised the controls, while the rats in Group II were injected every other day with FA.

Oxidative stress in testicular tissues of rats exposed to cigarette smoke and protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester.

Aim: To show the oxidative stress after cigarette smoke exposure in rat testis and to evaluate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE).

Methods: Twenty-one rats were divided into three groups of seven. Animals in Group I were used as control.

Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on Hsp70 in seminiferous tubules of rat testes: an immunohistochemical study.

One parameter which might provide an insight into the underlying mechanism of the effect of formaldehyde (FA) inhalation on testicular tissue, is the assessment of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), which increases promptly in cells exposed to stress caused by chemical toxicity. Thus, following subchronic exposure at cytotoxic concentrations, we studied the immunohistochemical effect of FA inhalation on changes in Hsp70 content in testicular tissue. We used 18 albino Wistar rats divided into three groups, exposed to 0 (control), 5 and 10 ppm FA gas for a total of 91 days, 8 h/day, five days a week.

Melatonin prevents formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study.

This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats. For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The rats in Group I were used as a control, while the rats in Group II were injected every other day with formaldehyde.

The protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against liver damage induced by cigarette smoke inhalation in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and biochemical changes in liver of rats exposed to cigarette smoke and effects of caffeic acid phenetyl ester (CAPE) on these changes. For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Animals in Group I were used as control.

Protective effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex of rats.

The aim of this study was to examine the neurotoxicity of formaldehyde on prefrontal cortex and the protective effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids against these toxic effects. For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The rats in group I comprised the controls, while the rats in group II were injected every other day with formaldehyde (FA).

Protective effects of melatonin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: a light microscopic and biochemical study.

The aim of this study was to examine the protective effects of melatonin against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group I was used as a control.

Reduction of carbon tetrachloride-induced nephropathy by melatonin administration.

The aim of this study was to investigate possible protective effects of melatonin on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced renal damage in rats. A total of 24 animals were divided into three equal groups: the control rats received pure olive oil subcutaneously, rats in the second group were injected with CCl4 (0.5 ml kg-1, s.

Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

In the present study, protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) have been evaluated on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided in three groups. Group I was used as control.