Alternative to Reduced Stresses on the Upper Extremity in a Standing Workstation.

Objective: This study evaluated a standing armrest to provide more acceptable ergonomic guidelines that may reduce the cost of standing computer workstations.

Background: Of the many advantages of standing workstations, there have been no efforts to minimize the biomechanical cost, such as larger wrist extension and greater forearm muscle activity than sitting.

Method: Sixteen participants were asked to perform a typing task under a combination of the following factors: (1) desk shape (rectangular and concave); (2) desk height (0, +5, -5 cm from 90° elbow flexion); and (3) monitor height (0, -10 cm from the eyes).

Significance of Lower Body Postures in Chair Design.

Objective: This study examined a system-level perspective to investigate the changes in the whole trunk and head postures while sitting with various lower extremity postures.

Background: Sitting biomechanics has focused mainly on the lumbar region only, whereas the anatomy literature has suggested various links from the head and lower extremity.

Method: Seventeen male participants were seated in six lower extremity postures, and the trunk kinematics and muscle activity measures were captured for 5 s.

Genetic variation of the PSCA gene (rs2294008) is not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.

Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a cell-membrane glycoprotein consisting of 123 amino acids and highly expressed in the prostate, but there have been few reports on the relationship between rs2294008 ofPSCA and prostate cancer in the literature. Therefore, we evaluated the association between rs2294008 and the risk of prostate cancer. A total of 240 prostate cancer patients and 306 controls (patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia) were enrolled.

UBE2C cell-free RNA in urine can discriminate between bladder cancer and hematuria.

Background: There is growing interest in circulating nucleic acids as cancer detection biomarkers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify a key urinary cell-free RNA marker that may assist in the diagnosis of BC.

Results: Five cell-free RNAs were selected as candidate cell-free RNAs from tissue microarray data.

Value of urinary topoisomerase-IIA cell-free DNA for diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Purpose: Topoisomerase-II alpha (TopoIIA ), a DNA gyrase isoform that plays an important role in the cell cycle, is present in normal tissues and various human cancers, and can show altered expression in both. The aim of the current study was to examine the value of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA as a noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC).

Materials And Methods: Two patient cohorts were examined.

Urinary Nucleic Acid TSPAN13-to-S100A9 Ratio as a Diagnostic Marker in Prostate Cancer.

The potential use of urinary nucleic acids as diagnostic markers in prostate cancer (PCa) was evaluated. Ninety-five urine samples and 234 prostate tissue samples from patients with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were analyzed. Micro-array analysis was used to identify candidate genes, which were verified by the two-gene expression ratio and validated in tissue mRNA and urinary nucleic acid cohorts.

Decreased DBC1 Expression Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: The deleted in bladder cancer 1 (DBC1) gene is located within chromosome 9 (9q32-33), a chromosomal region that frequently shows loss of heterozygosity in bladder cancer (BC). It is suspected that it acts as a tumor suppressor gene, but its prognostic value remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of DBC1 as a prognostic marker in BC.