Effect of body condition score on the interobserver variability of vertebral heart scale assessment in dogs.

The vertebral heart scale (VHS) is widely known and used as an objective standard for the evaluation of cardiomegaly on thoracic radiographs. It, therefore, plays an important role in assessing the severity of canine heart disease. The body condition score (BCS) is a nine-scale body condition scoring system used to objectively document the body condition in dogs.

Surgical treatment of a canine intranasal meningoencephalocele.

Objective: To report the clinical signs, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of an intranasal meningoencephalocele in a dog.

Study Design: Case report.

Animal: Female Border collie, 5 months old.