Effect of chloroquine on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin in humans.

Chloroquine, a front-line drug in the treatment of malaria, has developed widespread resistance, especially to the Plasmodium falciparum strains. Ciprofloxacin is a second-generation quinolone used as a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. The possibility of using ciprofloxacin as an antimalarial, especially in chloroquine-resistant strains, is very promising.

Effect of pefloxacin on the urinary excretion of rifampicin.

The effect of pefloxacin on the urinary excretion of rifampicin was investigated in 5 healthy volunteers between the ages of 20 and 35 years. The investigation was carried out in 2 different phases, with a 1-week drug washout separating the phases. Each subject received 600 mg rifampicin with 350 mL of water.

Influence of prokinetics on the gastrointestinal transit and residence times of activated charcoal.

Objective: To find the effects of prokinetics, saline cathartics and different charcoal doses on the gastrointestinal transit and residence times of activated charcoal (AC).

Setting: Five undergraduate volunteers of College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria, were studied.

Methods: After an overnight fast, the volunteers were given 10 g and 20 g AC with and without saline cathartics, in a simple cross-over design in which the subjects served as their own control.

Saline cathartics and adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for doxycycline.

The effects of sodium chloride and sodium citrate on the in vitro adsorption of doxycycline to activated charcoal have been studied. Solutions of doxycycline alone and doxycycline with 7.5 mg/ml cathartic solutions were vortex-mixed for 30 s with different quantities of activated charcoal, incubated for 30 min at 37 degrees C and analyzed for free doxycycline spectrophotometrically at 348 nm.

Salivary and urinary excretion and plasma-saliva concentration ratios of isoniazid in the presence of Co-administered ciprofloxacin.

Salivary and urinary excretion and plasma-saliva concentration ratios of isoniazid (INH) in the absence and presence of ciprofloxacin (CP) were investigated in healthy female volunteers. Results obtained indicated an absorption form of interaction between INH and CP. This led to delay in gastric emptying and onset of absorption of INH in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a corresponding delay in the onset of salivary and urinary excretion of the drugs.

Some plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of isoniazid in the presence of a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent.

The effects of ciprofloxacin (CP), a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, on the extent of absorption of isoniazid (INH) and on some of its pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated in six healthy female volunteers between the ages of 23 and 32 years. The presence of CP led to increase in the amount of INH and to a slight reduction in its peak plasma concentration (Cmax). There was a 1-hour increase in the time to attain Cmax (tmax) of INH, indicating absorption interaction between the two drugs.

Adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for rifampicin with and without sodium chloride and sodium citrate.

The effects of two saline cathartics (sodium chloride and sodium citrate) on the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal (AC) for rifampicin were studied. Solutions of rifampicin alone and rifampicin with 7.5 mg/ml cathartic solution were vortex-mixed for 30 s with different quantities of AC.

Effect of activated charcoal on diethylcarbamazine absorption in humans.

We investigated the effect of the oral binder-activated charcoal on the excretion of diethylcarbamazine. Six healthy volunteers were given 150 mg diethylcarbamazine with 350 mL water each. One and 2 weeks later, they received 150 mg diethylcarbamazine plus 7.

Acceleration of body clearance of diethylCarbamazine by oral activated charcoal.

The effect of activated charcoal (AC) on body clearance of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was investigated in six healthy volunteers. On three occasions at weekly intervals, each subject received 150 mg of DEC with 350 ml of water. One and two weeks later, 150 mg of DEC plus 7.

Pharmacokinetics of diethylcarbamazine: prediction by concentration in saliva.

The concentration of diethylcarbamazine in saliva was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters, in comparison to plasma and urine concentrations. Six healthy adult male volunteers were administered 150 mg diethylcarbamazine with 400 ml of water. At seven different time intervals, blood, urine and saliva samples were taken, and different pharmacokinetic parameters measured.

Zinc protection of mercury-induced hepatic toxicity in mice.

The actions and interactions of heavy metals on certain organ functions have been of concern, since occupational exposure to certain metals results in impairment of functions. Studies were carried out to determine the effects of zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg) on murine liver. CD-1 male mice were administered 4 ppm HgCl2, 800 ppm ZnCl2, 4 ppm HgCl2+800 ppm ZnCl2 or deionized water in their drinking water for 12 weeks.