The TB vaccine development pathway - An innovative approach to accelerating global TB vaccine development.

Two proof of concept clinical trials with TB vaccines demonstrate that new approaches can prevent sustained TB infection in adolescents (BCG revaccination) and TB disease in adults (M72/ASO1) (Nemes et al., 2018; Tait et al., 2019) [1,2].

Association between probiotics and enteral nutrition in an experimental acute pancreatitis model in rats.

Background/objectives: Recently, a randomized controlled trial showed that probiotic prophylaxis was associated with an increased mortality in enterally fed patients with predicted severe pancreatitis. In a rat model for acute pancreatitis, we investigated whether an association between probiotic prophylaxis and enteral nutrition contributed to the higher mortality rate.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to four groups: 1) acute pancreatitis (n = 9), 2) acute pancreatitis and probiotic prophylaxis (n = 10), 3) acute pancreatitis and enteral nutrition (n = 10), and 4) acute pancreatitis, probiotic prophylaxis and enteral nutrition (n = 11).

Mechanical ventilation of mice under general anesthesia during experimental procedures.

Mechanical ventilation is frequently used in patients under general anesthesia during invasive procedures. Invasive animal experiments similarly require the maintenance of normal hemodynamic and pulmonary parameters during long-term general anesthesia. The authors describe a method for mechanical ventilation of mice.