Silymarin from Milk Thistle Fruits Counteracts Selected Pathological Changes in the Lenses of Type 1 Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease affecting many tissues and organs. The main etiological factor for diabetic complications is hyperglycemia and subsequent pathologies, such as oxidative stress. One of the organs susceptible to the development of diabetic complications is the eye with all of its elements, including the lens.

Effectiveness of Magnolol, a Lignan from Magnolia Bark, in Diabetes, Its Complications and Comorbidities-A Review.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, often accompanied by oxidative stress. Diabetes treatment is a complicated process in which, in addition to the standard pharmacological action, it is necessary to append a comprehensive approach. Introducing the aspect of non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes allows one to alleviate its many adverse complications.

Assessment of consumer awareness on the consumption of phytoestrogens in diet and their supplementation - survey studies.

Introduction: Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds with structural similarity to 17-β-estradiol. They are considered safer substitutes for synthetic drugs, especially in the treatment of menopause related symptoms. They are delivered to the body with diet or as dietary supplements.

Circadian Profile of Salivary Melatonin Secretion in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Purpose: In the present study, the salivary melatonin secretion in the hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) children was measured. The logit model was fitted to the data to obtain the salivary dim light melatonin onsets (DLMOs), and the results were compared with the values estimated from the classic threshold method with a linear interpolation and those previously published for the blood measurements.

Materials And Methods: 9 patients suffering from HIE aged from 65 to 80 months were included in the study.

Effect of Berberine on Glycation, Aldose Reductase Activity, and Oxidative Stress in the Lenses of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats In Vivo-A Preliminary Study.

Diabetes mellitus affects the eye lens, leading to cataract formation by glycation, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a natural compound that has been reported to counteract all these pathological processes in various tissues and organs. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether berberine administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg by oral gavage for 28 days to rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes reveals such effects on the biochemical parameters in the lenses.

Chrysin Reduces Oxidative Stress but Does Not Affect Polyol Pathway in the Lenses of Type 1 Diabetic Rats.

Prolonged hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of reactive oxygen species and free radicals generation in diabetes which may affect various organs, including the eye. Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the eye lens could lead to cataract formation. To cope with oxidative stress, the endogenous antioxidative system may be supported by the supplementation of exogenous antioxidants.

Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Sinapic Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Cardiac Tissue and Serum of Type 2 Diabetic Female Rats.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes. They are considered the leading cause of death among diabetics. One of the mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiovascular complications is oxidative stress.

Effect of caffeine on biomarkers of oxidative stress in lenses of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Introduction: One of the major causes of cataract in diabetes is oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nowadays, new substances with antioxidative properties that may prevent cataract development are needed. One such substance is caffeine - an alkaloid with well-documented antioxidative activity.

Rosmarinic and Sinapic Acids May Increase the Content of Reduced Glutathione in the Lenses of Estrogen-Deficient Rats.

Oxidative stress is believed to be associated with both postmenopausal disorders and cataract development. Previously, we have demonstrated that rosmarinic and sinapic acids, which are diet-derived antioxidative phenolic acids, counteracted some disorders induced by estrogen deficiency. Other studies have shown that some phenolic acids may reduce cataract development in various animal models.

Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on the Serum Parameters of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Estrogen-Deficient Rats.

Rosmarinic acid is found in medicinal and spice plants such as rosemary, lemon balm, and mint. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid on parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism and parameters of oxidative stress in rats in the early phase of estrogen deficiency. The study was carried out on mature female Wistar rats divided into the following groups: sham-operated control rats, ovariectomized control rats, and ovariectomized rats treated orally with rosmarinic acid at a dose of 10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg daily for 28 days.

Antioxidative effect of flavonoid naringenin in the lenses of type 1 diabetic rats.

Oxidative stress arising during diabetes may lead to cataract formation. Thus, in order to prevent oxidative stress development, antioxidants could be considered helpful agents. Naringenin, a flavonoid with a well-documented antioxidative activity, can be found in many plant-derived products, especially citrus fruits.

Effect of Resveratrol, a Dietary-Derived Polyphenol, on the Oxidative Stress and Polyol Pathway in the Lens of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes.

Resveratrol is found in grapes, apples, blueberries, mulberries, peanuts, pistachios, plums and red wine. Resveratrol has been shown to possess antioxidative activity and a variety of preventive effects in models of many diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate if this substance may counteract the oxidative stress and polyol pathway in the lens of diabetic rats.

The Effects of Sinapic Acid on the Development of Metabolic Disorders Induced by Estrogen Deficiency in Rats.

Sinapic acid is a natural phenolic acid found in fruits, vegetables, and cereals, exerting numerous pharmacological effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of sinapic acid on biochemical parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as markers of antioxidant abilities and parameters of oxidative damage in the blood serum in estrogen-deficient rats. The study was performed on 3-month-old female Wistar rats, divided into 5 groups, including sham-operated control rats, ovariectomized control rats, and ovariectomized rats administered orally with estradiol (0.

Towards a better comprehension of interactions in the crystalline N-acetylbenzylamine and its sulphur analogue N-benzyl-ethanethioamide. IR, Raman, DFT studies and Hirshfeld surfaces analysis.

This paper presents the investigation results of the polarized IR spectra of the hydrogen bond in crystals of N-acetylbenzylamine and its sulphur analogue N-benzyl-ethanethioamide. The spectra were measured at 298 and 77 K by a transmission method, with the use of polarized light. The Raman spectroscopy, Hirshfeld surfaces analysis and DFT studies have been also reported.

Diosmin ameliorates the effects of oxidative stress in lenses of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats.

Background: Diabetic cataractogenesis is a complex process connected with hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Free radicals induce many unfavorable changes in the activity of the antioxidative enzymes and may also lead to oxidative damage. Since diosmin, a plant-derived flavonoid, reveals antioxidative activity, the aim of the study was to investigate if this substance may counteract the oxidative stress in the lenses of diabetic rats.

Glabridin and glycyrrhizic acid show no beneficial effect on the chemical composition and mechanical properties of bones in ovariectomized rats, when administered in moderate dose.

Background: One of the major causes of osteoporosis and bone fracture in postmenopausal women is estrogen deficiency. To prevent the fractures, and avoid the side effects of hormone replacement therapy, phytoestrogens including the isoflavonoids are used. In the presented study two constituents occurring in the licorice root-the isoflavane glabridin and triterpenoid saponin glycyrrhizic acid were examined on the skeletal system of ovariectomized rats.

EFFECT OF DIETARY FLAVONOID NARINGENIN ON BONES IN RATS WITH OVARIECTOMY-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS.

Naringenin is a dietary flavanone which can be found in many products such as citrus fruits. This substance reveals multiple pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory and antioxidative. During the menopause, the estrogen deficiency occurs, thus naringenin, which is also considered as a phytoestrogen, may be useful in the treatment of menopause-associated osteoporosis.

EFFECT OF GLABRIDIN AND GLYCYRRHIZIC ACID ON HISTOMORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF BONES IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS.

Licorice is a medicinal plant showing many therapeutic activities. Its roots contain numerous pharmacologically active compounds such as a triterpenoid saponin--glycyrrhizic acid and an isoflavan--glabridin. There are reports indicating that glabridin exhibits estrogen-like activity, therefore it can be classified into phytoestrogens, which may soothe menopause symptoms including postmenopausal osteoporosis.

BIOCHANIN A SHOWS NO EFFECT ON SKELETAL SYSTEM IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS, WHEN ADMINISTERED IN MODERATE DOSE.

Biochanin A is a naturally occurring isoflavone. Its main sources are clover species such as Trifolium pretense, Trifolium subterraneum or Trifolium incarnatum. Phytoestrogens, including isoflavones, are plant-derived substances, which exhibit estrogen-like properties, thus they may be used as an alternative for hormonal replacement therapies and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Effect of formononetin on mechanical properties and chemical composition of bones in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.

Formononetin is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which can be found in low concentrations in many dietary products, but the greatest sources of this substance are Astragalus membranaceus, Trifolium pratense, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Pueraria lobata, which all belong to Fabaceae family. Due to its structural similarity to 17 β -estradiol, it can mimic estradiol's effect and therefore is considered as a "phytoestrogen." The aim of this study was to examine the effect of formononetin on mechanical properties and chemical composition of bones in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.

Favorable effect of moderate dose caffeine on the skeletal system in ovariectomized rats.

Scope: Caffeine, a methylxanthine present in coffee, has been postulated to be responsible for an increased risk of osteoporosis in coffee drinkers; however, the data are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a moderate dose of caffeine on the skeletal system of rats with normal and decreased estrogen level (developing osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency).

Methods And Results: The experiments were carried out on mature nonovariectomized and ovariectomized Wistar rats, divided into control rats and rats receiving caffeine once daily, 20 mg/kg p.

Thalidomide affects the skeletal system of young rats.

Thalidomide has indications for the treatment of several immune-related, neoplastic, and inflammatory diseases, in both adults and children. Despite numerous therapeutic indications for the application of thalidomide, the influence of that drug upon skeletal system has not been recognized. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thalidomide on the osseous tissue in young rats.

Alendronate prevents development of the skeletal changes induced by azathioprine in rats.

Immunosuppressive drugs are known to disturb bone remodeling. Azathioprine (AZA) is a potent immunosuppressive drug, but its effect on the skeletal system has not been reported so far. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of AZA on the rat bone remodeling, and the effect of alendronate on development of skeletal changes induced by AZA.

Effects of thalidomide on the development of bone damage caused by prednisolone in rats.

Background: The methods used in treatment of osteoporosis induced by glucocorticosteroids are not effective enough. There is a need for new drugs which could be useful in counteracting the influence of glucocorticosteroids on osseous tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thalidomide on the development of osteoporosis induced by glucocorticoid (prednisolone) in rats.

Bone remodeling after administration of proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) inhibitors and alendronate in ovariectomized rats.

During osteoporosis therapy with alendronate, esophagitis and stomach ulceration may occur, requiring the concurrent use of drugs which decrease gastric juice production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of concurrent administration of proton pump (H+/K+ATP-ase) inhibitors: omeprazole or pantoprazole and alendronate on bone remodeling in ovariectomized rats. The experiments were carried out on 3-month-old Wistar rats, divided into following groups (n = 8-10): NOVX - non-ovariectomized control rats; OVX - ovariectomized control rats; OVX + alendronate; OVX + omeprazole; OVX + omeprazole + alendronate; OVX + pantoprazole; OVX + pantoprazole + alendronate.