Mediation of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Regenerative Effect of Uridine in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Injury.

Aim: To investigate the possible mediation of epigenetic mechanisms underlying the regenerative effect of uridine in a sciatic nerve transection rat model.

Material And Methods: Fifty adult male rats were randomized to sham, control, and uridine groups. After unilateral transection and primary anastomosis of the right sciatic nerve, a single daily dose of saline (1 ml/kg; sham and control groups) or uridine (500 mg/kg; uridine group) was injected intraperitoneally for a week.

Preventive effects of antenatal CDP-choline in a rat model of neonatal hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

Antenatal steroid administration to pregnant women at risk of prematurity provides pulmonary maturation in infants, while it has limited effects on incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the clinical expression of hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI). Cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) was shown to alleviate HILI when administered to newborn rats. Therefore, we investigated effects of maternal administration of CDP-choline, alone or in combination with betamethasone, on lung maturation in neonatal rats subjected to HILI immediately after birth.

Uridine treatment improves nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.

Aim: Peripheral nerve regeneration remains an issue, and novel therapeutic approaches are required for functional recovery. This study investigated the regenerative potential and long-term functional effects of Uridine treatment in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.

Material And Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive sham surgery plus saline (Sham group), right sciatic nerve transection and primary repair plus saline (Control group), right sciatic nerve transection, and primary repair plus 500 mg/kg Uridine (Uridine group).

Morphology of the ligaments located on the medial side of the ankle and on the plantar surface of the foot.

To have biodynamic features, the feet have bones located in a special posture, the joints that keep together those bones, the ligaments that provide linkage to those joints, and tendons of muscles particularly which end the foot. This study aimed to research the morphology of the medial side and plantar ligaments. The study was conducted on a total of 30 feet belonging to 2 women and 13 men cadavers that exist at the Anatomy Department of the Medical Faculty of Uludag University.

Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Systemic Uridine Treatment in an Experimental Model of Sciatic Nerve Injury.

Aim: To investigate the anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects of systemic uridine treatment in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.

Material And Methods: Thirty-two adult male rats were equally randomized to Sham, Control, U100, and U500 groups. Sham rats received a sham operation by exposing the right sciatic nerve without transection, while those in the Control, U100, and U500 groups underwent right sciatic nerve transection followed by immediate primary anostomosis.

Evaluating the Anatomical Traits of Lip on Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Images.

Background: Lips and mouth are the most recognizable parts of the lower face. The morphometry of the facial organs is important for the balance of the face. Besides congenital anomalies occur on the lips, some kinds of deformities might be seen because of trauma or carcinoma.

Usability of dental pulp visibility and tooth coronal index in digital panoramic radiography in age estimation in the forensic medicine.

Age estimation has a great importance due to legal requirements. The aim of our study was to determine the applicability of two different methods in age estimation; one of them based on the calculation of the visibility of the root pulp of mandibular third molar teeth and the other based on the calculation of the tooth coronal index (TCI) in the mandibular first and second molar teeth in the 9059 digital orthopantomogram of people aged between 15 and 40 in Bursa. In the first method in which the visibility of the fully mineralized root pulp of the mandibular third molar teeth was evaluated in 4 stages; the stages 0, 1, 2, and 3 were observed regardless of sex at the earliest 17.

The Surface and Intracranial Location of Asterion.

Background: Asterion is identified as the connection point of sutura parietomastoidea, sutura occipitomastoidea, and sutura lambdoidea. The location of asterion, which is primarily preferred as a landmark during posterolateral surgical approach for intracranial operations, shows many variables. The aim of this study was to identify the surface location of the asterion and determine the distances between intracranial anatomical structures and asterion.

Glutamatergic activation of A1 and A2 noradrenergic neurons in the rat brain stem.

Aim: To analyze the effects of glutamatergic agonists and antagonists on the activation of the A1 and A2 noradrenergic neurons localized in caudal ventrolateral medulla and nucleus tractus solitarii, respectively.

Methods: Rats were injected with glutamatergic agonists - kainic acid, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), and the brain sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry. Before agonist injections, antagonists - 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione or dizocilpine were administered.

Efficacy of laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients.

Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block technique seems to offer one of the most efficient methods for a local pain control. Our aim is to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of TAP block for post-operative pain control under laparoscopic vision in elderly patients during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patients aged more than 65 years old, who had cholecystectomy due to symptomatic cholelithiasis, were retrospectively evaluated.

CDP-choline modulates matrix metalloproteinases in rat sciatic injury.

Background: CDP-choline (cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine) improves functional recovery, promotes nerve regeneration, and decreases perineural scarring in rat peripheral nerve injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action of CDP-choline with regard to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the rat-transected sciatic nerve injury model.

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomized into Sham, Saline, and CDP-choline groups.

Protective Effects of Valproic Acid, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, against Hyperoxic Lung Injury in a Neonatal Rat Model.

Objective: Histone acetylation and deacetylation may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases. We evaluated the preventive effect of valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, on neonatal hyperoxic lung injury.

Methods: Forty newborn rat pups were randomized in normoxia, normoxia+VPA, hyperoxia and hyperoxia+VPA groups.

Protective effects of melatonin therapy in model for neonatal hyperoxic lung injury.

Context: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common outcome of premature birth. Currently, no effective preventive therapy is available for BPD, but the major role of O2 toxicity in the development of BPD has gained attention, particularly for developing new antioxidants for prevention. The major protective mechanism of melatonin (MT) includes free-radical scavenging activity and activation of the cyclooxygenase-prostoglandin enzyme system.

Investigation of the dose-dependency of citicoline effects on nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the dose dependence of citicoline's previously-reported effects on recovery of peripheral nerve injury.

Material And Methods: Right sciatic nerves of sixty adult female Wistar Albino rats were incised and primary anastomosis was performed. Rats were then divided into four groups: Control group received 2 ml of saline intraperitoneally, while rats in C-300, C-600 and C-900 groups received 300 μmol/kg, 600 μmol/kg and 900 μmol/kg citicoline dissolved in 2 ml saline, respectively.

Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine ameliorates hyperoxic lung injury in a neonatal rat model.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an important cause of morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) treatment on hyperoxic lung injury in a neonatal rat model.

Methods: A total of 30 newborn pups were divided into control, hyperoxia, and hyperoxia + CDP-choline groups.

Evaluation of melatonin and prostaglandin E1 combination on necrotizing enterocolitis model in neonatal rats.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal emergencies in newborn infants but up to now there is no completely effective treatment for it.

Objective: In order to show that a combination of melatonin and prostaglandins may be useful to save lives, we use newborn rat as a model of necrotizing enterocolitis to test the hypothesis of using the combination therapy might have more potential effect on mucosal cytoprotection and healing.

Patients And Methods: A total of 60 newborn pups from 5 time-mated Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were divided equally into 5 groups as follows: NEC (subjected to NEC), NEC+Melatonin, NEC+Prostaglandin, NEC+Prostaglandin+Melatonin and control.

CDP-choline reduces severity of intestinal injury in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background: Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) is an endogenous intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a contributor to the mucosal defense of the intestine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible cytoprotective effect of CDP-choline treatment on intestinal cell damage, membrane phospholipid content, inflammation, and apoptosis in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Methods: We divided a total of 30 newborn pups into three groups: control, NEC, and NEC + CDP-choline.

Neuroprotective effects of melatonin administered alone or in combination with topiramate in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat model.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two neuroprotective agents; melatonin, a free radical scavenger and topiramate, AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, administered alone or in combination in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic model.

Methods: After being anesthetized, 7-day-old pups underwent ischemia followed by exposure to hypoxia. The pups were divided into 4 groups in order to receive the vehicle, melatonin, topiramate and combination of topiramate and melatonin.

Glutamate and orexin neurons.

Orexin neurons are localized in the lateral hypothalamus and regulate many functions including sleep-wake states. Substantial number of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators has been proposed to influence orexinergic system. Glutamate, as the major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus, was shown to mediate orexin neurons in the regulation of wakefulness and feeding.

Protective Effects of Nigella sativa Oil in Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury.

Background: Oxygen-induced lung injury is believed to lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. We have evaluated the beneficial effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

Methods: Thirty newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as hyperoxia (95% O(2)), hyperoxia+NSO and control (21% O(2)).

Beneficial effects of Nigella sativa oil on intestinal damage in necrotizing enterocolitis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the beneficial effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Material And Methods: Thirty newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups as NEC, NEC + NSO, and control. NEC was induced by enteral formula feeding, exposure to hypoxia-hyperoxia and cold stress.

Unusual variation of the hyoid bone: bilateral absence of lesser cornua and abnormal bone attachment to the corpus.

The hyoid bone is a horseshoe-shaped and a solitary bone located at the neck just above the thyroid cartilage. It consists of a body, two greater cornua and two lesser cornua. In this report, we demonstrated an extra bone variation which is attached to the hyoid bone and located at the left side of its corpus.

Increased adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone in a rat model of sepsis.

Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain throughout the lives of all mammals. The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles have been established as the primary sites of adult neurogenesis, and recent studies have shown that inflammation has a modulating effect on adult neurogenesis. However, only limited studies have investigated how neurogenesis is affected during sepsis and sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Possible neuroprotective effects of magnesium sulfate and melatonin as both pre- and post-treatment in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat model.

Background: Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is a major cause of mortality and long-term neurological deficits.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two neuroprotective agents; magnesium sulfate and melatonin, administered alone or in combination, on brain infarct volume and TUNEL positivity in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) rat model.

Methods: After being anesthetized, 7-day-old pups (n = 80) underwent ischemia followed by exposure to hypoxia for 2 h.

Sepsis induces apoptotic cell death in different regions of the brain in a rat model of sepsis.

Sepsis occurs in 14-37 percent of patients admitted to intensive care units and sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is its severe complication. In an attempt to provide insight into the question how sepsis and SAE contributes cerebral dysfunction, apoptotic cell death was investigated in hippocampal formation, centers of adult neurogenesis and main autonomic centers which are known to regulate heart rate, respiration and other visceral activities, in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) rat model of sepsis. Vital parameters and electrophysiological changes were monitored for the confirmation of sepsis and SAE, respectively.