Evaluation of Selected Plant Phenolics via Beta-Secretase-1 Inhibition, Molecular Docking, and Gene Expression Related to Alzheimer's Disease.

The goal of the current study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of six phenolic compounds, i.e., rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, oleuropein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), 3-hydroxytyrosol, and quercetin, against β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), also known as β-secretase or memapsin 2, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Enzyme Inhibitory Activities and RP-HPLC Analysis of Geranium and Erodium Species.

The genera Geranium and Erodium (Geraniaceae) have been documented to possess diverse ethnopharmacological uses, including diabetes mellitus. Relevant to their ethnopharmacological use, the current study aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts from 46 samples belonging to thirty-one species of Geranium (20) and Erodium (11) collected throughout Türkiye. The majority of the extracts displayed a marked α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity.

The relationship between attitude toward physical activity and weight gain in children and young adolescence.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between attitudes toward physical activity and weight gain among children and young adolescents with an additional focus on the impact of gender on these attitudes.

Methods: Employing a descriptive survey method, data were systematically gathered via purposive sampling from 11 specific cities in Türkiye, ensuring representation from all seven regions. A total of 3,138 students, aged between 9 and 14 years, participated in this study, with a distribution of 46% girls and 54% boys.

African Under-Utilized Medicinal Leafy Vegetables Studied by Microtiter Plate Assays and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-Planar Assays.

Biological activities of six under-utilized medicinal leafy vegetable plants indigenous to Africa, ., , , , , and , were investigated via two independent techniques. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined, and six microtiter plate assays were applied after extraction and fractionation.

Deciphering Neuroprotective Effect of L. (syn. Spenn.) through Preclinical and Clinical Studies.

L. (RO, rosemary) is a well-known medicinal, aromatic, and culinary herb with traditional use in European folk medicine against memory deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. This review highlights the different neuroprotective activities of RO investigated in both preclinical and clinical studies, as well as molecular docking of bioactive compounds found in RO.

A Focused Review on Cognitive Improvement by the Genus L. (Sage)-From Ethnopharmacology to Clinical Evidence.

Ethnopharmacology has been an important starting point in medical and pharmaceutical sciences for discovering drug candidates from natural sources. In this regard, the genus L., commonly known as sage, is one of the best-known medicinal and aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family; it has been recorded as being used for memory enhancement in European folk medicine.

Medicinal and mechanistic overview of artemisinin in the treatment of human diseases.

Artemisinin (ART) is a bioactive compound isolated from the plant Artemisia annua and has been traditionally used to treat conditions such as malaria, cancer, viral infections, bacterial infections, and some cardiovascular diseases, especially in Asia, North America, Europe and other parts of the world. This comprehensive review aims to update the biomedical potential of ART and its derivatives for treating human diseases highlighting its pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties based on the results of experimental pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action, tested doses and toxic effects of artemisinin were also described.

Cholinesterase Inhibitory and o Toxicity Assessment of Thirty-Four Isoquinoline Alkaloids - Berberine as the Lead Compound.

Background: Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors used currently in clinics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most prescribed drug class with nitrogen-containing chemical formula. Galanthamine, the latest generation anti-ChE drug, contains an isoquinoline structure.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the inhibitory potential of thirty-four isoquinoline alkaloids, e.

and cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant effects of essential oils and extracts of two new mill. cultivars (Turgut and Uysal) and GC-MS analysis of the essential oils.

The EtOH extracts of the leaves of two new cultivars (Uysal-SFU and Turgut-SFT) of Salvia fruticosa Mill. was tested against acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 30.62 ± 3.

Absolute configuration of spiro-flavostilbenoids from Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies: First indication of (2R)-naringenin as the key building block.

The absolute configurations of the known but unusual spiro-flavostilbenoids found in the bark of Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies, were determined by applying time-dependent density functional theory simulation of electronic circular dichroism spectra. The absolute configurations obtained were as follows: (2S,3R) for yuccaol A, yuccaol D and yuccalide A; (2S,3S) for yuccaol B, yuccaol C and yuccaol E; (2S,3S,2'S,3'S) for gloriosaol A; (2S,3R,2'S,3'R) for gloriosaol C; (2S,3S,2'S,3'R) for gloriosaol D; (2S,3R,2'S,3'S) for gloriosaol E. These findings indicate that the compounds are all biosynthetic derivatives either of (2R)-naringenin and trans-resveratrol or of trans-3,3',5,5'-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene.

Phytochemical profiling, biological activity, docking studies, and cytotoxicity assessments of Jacquin: An unexplored plant of the coffee family.

Jacquin is a flowering plant that belongs to the coffee family. As a rich source of polyphenols with significant antioxidant potential, may have health benefits. Therefore, in the current work, ethanolic extract of aerial parts and its n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol soluble fractions were analyzed for their antioxidant potential and various enzyme inhibition properties.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activity of Golden Root ( L.) Commercial Samples.

The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition of the water and hydromethanolic extracts of commercial samples in relation to their biological activity. For this purpose, the HPLC method was used for the determination of eleven phenolic compounds and AAS/AES was used for determination of five essential elements. Moreover, the contents of total phenolic, total flavonoid, total phenolic acids, and L(+)-ascorbic acid were determined.

Flavonoids as Sirtuin Modulators.

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are described as NAD-dependent deacetylases, also known as class III histone deacetylases. So far, seven sirtuin genes (SIRTS 1-7) have been identified and characterized in mammals and are also known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes. SIRTs are involved in various biological processes, including endocrine system, apoptosis, aging and longevity, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, inflammation, etc.

Kombucha - An ancient fermented beverage with desired bioactivities: A narrowed review.

Kombucha, originated in China 2000  years ago, is a sour and sweet-tasted drink, prepared traditionally through fermentation of black tea. During the fermentation of kombucha, consisting of mainly acidic compounds, microorganisms, and a tiny amount of alcohol, a biofilm called SCOBY forms. The bacteria in kombucha has been generally identified as Acetobacteraceae.

Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of Geraniaceae plant extracts against five tumor cell lines.

Aim: To determine the antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of and species against human cancer and noncancer cell lines, respectively.

Methods: Twenty-one species of and were extracted and screened against cancerous and noncancerous human cell lines.

Results: In a dose-response manner, , ,  and were able, with variable potency, to inhibit cellular proliferation.

Natural Molecules as Talented Inhibitors of Nucleotide Pyrophosphatases/ Phosphodiesterases (PDEs).

Background: Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a wide group of enzymes with multiple therapeutic actions, including vasorelaxation, cardiotonic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anti-spasmolytic, memory-enhancing, and anti-asthmatic. PDEs with eleven subtypes from PDE-1 to PDE-11 typically catalyze the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond and, hence, degrades either cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).

Objective: Several selective or non-selective inhibitors of the PDE subtypes are used clinically, i.

Dual Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitors with Different Heterocyclic Scaffolds.

For the last two decades, there has been research interest on the design of molecules possessing dual inhibitory potential on cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase enzymes, particularly for the treatment of two major neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Many compounds have been synthesized for this purpose, and some of them have been shown to display activities comparable or superior to the activities of current drugs used for the treatment of AD and PD. Within the concept of this review study, we have aimed to present the current drugs used for the treatment of AD and PD, their mechanism of action, the discussion behind the theory of designing dual inhibitor agents, and the presentation of the most active compounds with diverse heterocyclic scaffolds displayed in research studies published in the recent period.

Profiling the annual change of the neurobiological and antioxidant effects of five Origanum species in correlation with their phytochemical composition.

The ethanol extracts of five Origanum species: O. majorana L., O.

Oxyprenylated Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of Lipid and Sugar Metabolism.

O-Prenylcoumarins (3,3-dimethylallyl, geranyl-, farnesyl- and related biosynthetic derivatives) represent a class of rarely occurring natural compounds. Most of these secondary metabolites have been obtained from plant species belonging to the Rutaceae, Apiaceae, and Fabaceae families, and from fungi, and bacteria. In the last two decades, prenyloxycoumarins have been found to possess great potential in terms of pharmacological activities.

The neuroprotective effects of polyphenols, their role in innate immunity and the interplay with the microbiota.

Neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in the elderly population, represent one of the most pressing social and health-care problems in the world. Besides the well-established role of both oxidative stress and inflammation, alterations of the immune response have been found to be closely linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, various scientific evidence reported that an altered gut microbiota composition may contribute to the development of neuroinflammatory disorders.

Preclinical Study on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Pollen Extract of Ten. (Red Pine) in Mice and Phenolic Acid Analysis.

Objectives: Many agents, including those from herbal sources, have been sought as preventives or cures for hepatotoxicity. The pollen of Ten., known as red pine (Pinaceae), is used against liver diseases in Anatolian folk medicine.