HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY AXIS DYSFUNCTION IN A SEVERELY ASPHYXIATED NEONATE.

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is caused by a lack of oxygen to organ systems due to hypoxic or ischemic insult that occurs during labour and delivery. This may lead to multi-organ failure with brain involvement as the major organ of concern.

Case Report: We present a 19-day-old neonate referred to our centre with the complaint of inability to suck since birth and multiple seizures that started on the second day of life.

METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN NORTHEAST NIGERIA.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that may predispose to cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These risk factors include hypertension, central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The presence of at least three of these risks factors defines MetS.

IN-PATIENT PNEUMONIA BURDEN AND CASE FATALITY RATES IN CHILDREN OVER TWO DECADES IN FEDERAL TEACHING HOSPITAL, GOMBE (FTHG).

Introduction: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children globally accounting for an estimated 1.2 million (18%) total deaths annually. The number of childhood-related deaths from pneumonia is approximately 2000-fold higher in developing than in developed countries.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC TREND AND CASE FATALITY OF CHILDHOOD TETANUS IN FEDERAL TEACHING HOSPITAL GOMBE; A 20YEARS REVIEW.

Introduction: Tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease, it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both neonatal and post-neonatal periods, especially in developing countries with limited health facilities and inadequate vaccination. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) is 13.2% globally, highest in the neonatal period and in sub-Saharan Africa.

REVEALING THE VARIED REALITY OF MALARIA-RELATED DEATHS IN CHILDREN ACROSS GENDER, AGE, AND ETHNICITY IN FEDERAL TEACHING HOSPITAL GOMBE OVER 20 YEARS: AN ESSENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC IMPERATIVE.

Introduction: Nigeria recorded 31% of 619,000 malaria deaths globally and accounts for 25-30% of all childhood mortality in the country. Few studies in Nigeria, have reported malaria's case fatality rate over a long period.

Objective: To determine Malaria Case Fatality Rate among Children admitted from 2000-2019.

CASE FATALITY RATE OF CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS: EXPERIENCE FROM FEDERAL TEACHING HOSPITAL GOMBE: A TWO DECADE REVIEW.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) was the leading cause of death from an infectious agent worldwide, until the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, ranking above HIV/AIDS. Nigeria ranks 6th among the 30 TB high-burden countries (TB, TB/HIV, DRTB) and 1st in Africa. The estimated case fatality rate (CFR) of TB in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) is 15%.

Amyloid-beta aggregation implicates multiple pathways in Alzheimer's disease: Understanding the mechanisms.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by tau pathology and accumulations of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) along with amyloid-beta (Aβ). It has been associated with neuronal damage, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive deficits. The current review explained the molecular mechanisms behind the implications of Aβ aggregation in AD multiple events.

Genistein and L. prevent oxidative stress and upregulate proglucagon and insulin receptor mRNA in diabetic rats.

Type 2 diabetes occurs as a result of insulin resistance and dysfunction in insulin signaling. Controlling hyperglycemia and activation of insulin signaling are important in the management of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of genistein and L.

Mormodica charantia L. fruit and Genistein ameliorates type 2 diabetes in rats by preventing lipid accumulation, insulin resistance and enhancing beta cell function.

Purpose: The present study was aimed at evaluating the role of fruit and Genistein on beta cell, insulin resistance/sensitivity and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic rats.

Methods: Thirty-five (35) albino rats were divided into seven (7) groups of 5 rats each comprising of five (5) non-diabetic and thirty (30) diabetic rats. Groups 1 and 2 served as the normal control and diabetic control groups respectively and received distill water, groups 3 and 4 received at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively Groups 5 and 6 received Genistein at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg respectively while group 7 received Metformin at 500 mg/kg the experiment lasted for four weeks.

"What will my child think of me if he hears I gave him HIV?": a sequential, explanatory, mixed-methods approach on the predictors and experience of caregivers on disclosure of HIV status to infected children in Gombe, Northeast Nigeria.

Background: With increasing access to effective Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART), the proportion of children who survive into later childhood with HIV has increased. Consequently, caregivers are constantly being confronted with the dilemma of 'if', 'when', and 'how' to tell their children living with HIV their status. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of disclosure and explore the barriers caregivers face in disclosing HIV status to children living with HIV in Gombe, northeast Nigeria.

Therapy for patients with high grade astrocytoma using intraarterial chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Background: High grade astrocytomas account for approximately 40% of all primary brain tumors. The median survival is approximately 8-10 months for patients with glioblastoma multiforme and 36 months for patients with anaplastic astrocytoma. The results of systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of brain tumors have been reported to be less than satisfactory, mainly because of the blood-brain barrier impermeability for chemotherapeutic drugs.

Toxicities related to intraarterial infusion of cisplatin and etoposide in patients with brain tumors.

Chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors has a limited efficacy largely due to restricted blood-brain barrier permeability for chemotherapeutic drugs. Intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) has the advantage of increased uptake during the first passage of the drugs through tumor capillaries. Initial IAC trials had less than satisfactory results due to unacceptable toxicities.

Intracarotid chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin for malignant brain tumors.

Chemotherapy for tumors of the central nervous system has a limited efficacy presumably because of restricted blood-brain barrier permeability. The advantage of regional intra-arterial administration of anticancer drugs is an increased uptake during the first passage of the drugs through tumor capillaries. Twenty patients with high-grade astrocytomas (HGA) and 28 patients with metastatic brain tumors (MBT) received intracarotid/intravertebral infusion of etoposide and cisplatin.

Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: case report with magnetic resonance imaging description.

The case of a 35-year-old white man with a cauda equina syndrome is presented. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis, and radiation treatment successfully treated the condition.

Neurological erectile dysfunction secondary to intradural paraganglioma of the cauda equina.

A 35-year-old white male presented with erectile dysfunction and areflexic bladder secondary to an intrathecal paraganglioma of the cauda equina. Erectile dysfunction has not been emphasized as a component of the cauda equina syndrome.

The neuromuscular pathology of the Eosinophilia-Myalgia syndrome.

The Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome (EMS) is a recently reorganized disorder in patients ingesting pharmacologic doses of L-tryptophan. We studied the lesions of skeletal muscle, peripheral nerve and skin in 12 cases of EMS. Perimyositis was severe in four, moderate in two, mild in three and absent in three cases.

Computed tomographic evaluation of extracranial carotid artery disease.

Axial computed tomographic (CT) scans after intravenous contrast infusion were used to image the cervical carotid arteries of patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms. Standard transfemoral cervical carotid and cerebral angiography was the principal diagnostic modality used in all patients studied. The angiographic results were compared to the CT images and to the gross and microscopic endarterectomy pathological specimens, when available.

Atheromatous extracranial carotid arteries: CT evaluation correlated with arteriography and pathologic examination.

Dynamic, rapid sequence, axial computed tomography (CT) was employed to evaluate the extracranial common and internal carotid arteries in 17 patients with clinical histories suggesting recent or remote ischemia in the territory supplied by the internal carotid artery. The CT findings were correlated with arteriographic observations and with gross and histologic evaluations of endarterectomy specimens. Areas of arterial wall thickening were evaluated on CT scans with regard to both degree of thickening and radiographic density (attenuation).

Computed tomographic evaluation of cervical carotid plaque complications.

Twenty five patients with manifestations of cerebrovascular ischemic disease were evaluated with high resolution computed tomography of the neck, following intravenous infusion of a contrast agent. Computed tomography images of extracranial carotid arteries revealed atherosclerotic plaque formations and their complications: stenosis, occlusion, ulceration, calcification and mural lucent defects. Histologic analysis of 15 endarterectomy specimens obtained from symptomatic patients who had computed tomography images of discrete lucent defects in carotid plaques demonstrated subintimal hemorrhage of varying age in 13, focal necrosis in 1 and excessive subintimal thickening in 1.

Somatotopic relations between the motor nucleus and its innervated muscle fibers in the cat tibialis anterior.

The normal development of the anatomic relationships between the motoneurons of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle and their innervated muscle fibers was studied in 1-, 6-, and 12-week-old and adult cats. The motoneurons of the anterior branch and the contralateral posterior branch of the TA nerve were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Within the TA motor nucleus, anterior branch motoneurons (63% of total) were located rostrally and posterior branch motoneurons (37% of total) were located more caudally.