Electrophysiological Properties of Proprioception-Related Neurons in the Intermediate Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord.

Proprioception, the sense of limb and body position, is required to produce accurate and precise movements. Proprioceptive sensory neurons transmit muscle length and tension information to the spinal cord. The function of excitatory neurons in the intermediate spinal cord, which receive this proprioceptive information, remains poorly understood.

Structure of Long-Range Direct and Indirect Spinocerebellar Pathways as Well as Local Spinal Circuits Mediating Proprioception.

Proprioception, the sense of limb and body position, generates a map of the body that is essential for proper motor control, yet we know little about precisely how neurons in proprioceptive pathways are wired. Defining the anatomy of secondary neurons in the spinal cord that integrate and relay proprioceptive and potentially cutaneous information from the periphery to the cerebellum is fundamental to understanding how proprioceptive circuits function. Here, we define the unique anatomic trajectories of long-range direct and indirect spinocerebellar pathways as well as local intersegmental spinal circuits using genetic tools in both male and female mice.

An CRE Knock-In Mouse Labels Motor Neurons Involved in Fine Motor Control.

Motor neurons (MNs) innervating the digit muscles of the intrinsic hand (IH) and intrinsic foot (IF) control fine motor movements. The ability to reproducibly label specifically IH and IF MNs in mice would be a beneficial tool for studies focused on fine motor control. To this end, we find that a CRE knock-in mouse line of , a developmentally expressed basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, reliably expresses CRE-dependent reporter genes in ∼60% of the IH and IF MNs.

The Immunogenicity of Peptoid-Protein Conjugates.

We demonstrate that a peptoid composed of five monomers and attached a maleimide linker to a carrier protein elicits anti-peptoid, anti-linker and anti-carrier antibodies in rabbits. Specific anti-peptoid antibodies were affinity purified and used to reproducibly retrieve three specific peptoid-coupled beads from 20,000 irrelevant peptoid-beads using magnetic screening.

A reevaluation of CD22 expression in human lung cancer.

CD22 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by mature B cells. It inhibits signal transduction by the B-cell receptor and its coreceptor CD19. Recent reports indicate that most human lung cancer cells and cell lines express CD22, making it an important new therapeutic target for lung cancer.

Chimeric, divalent and tetravalent anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies with potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity against human B-cell lymphoma and pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines.

CD19 is an attractive therapeutic target for treating human B-cell tumors. In our study, chimeric (c) divalent (cHD37) and tetravalent (cHD37-DcVV) anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were constructed, expressed and evaluated for their binding to human 19-positive (CD19(+)) tumor cell lines. They were also tested for proapoptotic activity and the ability to mediate effector functions.

Targeting mammalian target of rapamycin to both downregulate and disable the P-glycoprotein pump in multidrug-resistant B-cell lymphoma cell lines.

Previous studies have shown that rapamycin can inhibit the growth of several different types of human tumor cells in vitro. In certain cases, it can reverse the phenotype of multidrug resistant (MDR) cells. However, there is limited information concerning its effect on P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a pump that is responsible for chemoresistance in many MDR cells.

Generation of multidrug resistant lymphoma cell lines stably expressing P-glycoprotein.

The objective of this study was to generate new P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-expressing multidrug resistant (MDR) cell lines by drug selection. Since our previous studies have been carried out with cells infected with a P-gp-containing vector, it was important to confirm our findings in cells generated by drug selection. In this report, we describe three B-lymphoma cell lines which became drug-resistant by stepwise exposure to vincristine (VCR): Raji cells resistant to 18 nM VCR (R18V), Namalwa cells resistant to 21 nM VCR (N21V) and DHL-4 cells resistant to 12 nM VCR (DHL-4/12V).

Rituximab but not other anti-CD20 antibodies reverses multidrug resistance in 2 B lymphoma cell lines, blocks the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and induces P-gp to translocate out of lipid rafts.

The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of the anti-CD20 antibody, Rituximab (RTX), to inhibit the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in 2 P-gp/CD20 lymphoma cell lines. We determined whether RTX would chemosensitize the 2 P-gp cell lines in vitro, and inhibit the ability of the cells to efflux Rhodamine 123. One cell line was infected with an MDR1 vector and the other was generated by drug selection.

[Ocular parasitosis--particular aspects].

The goal of this study cases are presented in this study. The first case was emphasized in a patient with an epibulbar tumor and the second case was diagnosed with Toxocara Canis. In both cases the ophthalmoscopic images and the clinical evolution were unusual on the other hand etiological diagnosis in both cases was difficult.