Effect of a Total Extract and Saponins from L. on Human Coronavirus Replication In Vitro.

Members of the family Coronaviridae cause diseases in mammals, birds, and wildlife (bats), some of which may be transmissible to humans or specific to humans. In the human population, they can cause a wide range of diseases, mainly affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. In the scientific databases, there are huge numbers of research articles about the antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities of medicinal herbs and crops with different ethnobotanical backgrounds.

Cycloartane Saponins from and Their In Vitro Neuroprotective, Antioxidant, and hMAO-B-Inhibiting Effects.

(Fabaceae) is used in the traditional medicine of many countries against hepatic and cardiac disorders. The plant contains mainly flavonoids and saponins. From a defatted methanol extract from its overground parts, a new triterpenoid saponin, 3--[-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]--D-xylopyranosyl]-24---L-arabinopyranosyl-3,6,16,24(),25-pentahydroxy-20-cycloartane, together with the rare saponin astrachrysoside A, were isolated using various chromatography methods.

In Vitro/In Vivo Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Defatted Extract and a Phenolic Fraction Obtained from .

An in vitro/in vivo hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotection evaluation of a defatted extract and a phenolic fraction from , administered alone and in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced metabolic bioactivation model, was performed. The extract and the phenolic fraction were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the total flavonoid content, to identify flavonoids and to quantify verbascoside. In addition, total polyphenolics in the samples were expressed as gallic acid equivalents.

Anticancer Secondary Metabolites: From Ethnopharmacology and Identification in Native Complexes to Biotechnological Studies in Species of Genus L. and L.

Some of the most effective anticancer compounds are still derived from plants since the chemical synthesis of chiral molecules is not economically efficient. Rapid discovery of lead compounds with pronounced biological activity is essential for the successful development of novel drug candidates. This work aims to present the chemical diversity of antitumor bioactive compounds and biotechnological approaches as alternative production and sustainable plant biodiversity conservation.

A Study on the Safety and Effects of Fruit Extract on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with Induced Type 2 Diabetes.

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a variety of diagnostic criteria: obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and arterial hypertension. They contribute to the elevated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The potential for L.

Beneficial effects of the fructus extract on experimentally induced osteoporosis in New Zealand white rabbits.

is a source of several flavonol, flavone and isoflavone glycosides that are reported to positively affect menopausal symptoms including osteoporotic complications. In the present study fructus extract (FSE) was administered orally for three months at a dose of 200 mg kg in ovariectomized (OVX) New Zealand rabbits. 3D computed tomography scans and histopathological images revealed microstructural disturbances in the bones of the castrated animals.

Antiproliferative and antitumour activity of saponins from Astragalus glycyphyllos on myeloid Graffi tumour.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Astragalus glycyphyllos L. has been extensively used in Bulgarian folk medicine as an antihypertensive, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, in cases of cardiac insufficiency, renal inflammation, calculosis, etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the possible in vitro/in vivo anti-proliferative/anti-tumour activity of a purified saponins' mixture (PSM) obtained from the plant.

Effects of Amanita muscaria extract on different in vitro neurotoxicity models at sub-cellular and cellular levels.

Muscimol is the main compound found in Amanita muscaria. Several studies have proven that muscimol has suppressive effects on essential tremor, without impairing speech and coordination. The effects of muscimol in Parkinson-affected patients is also described in a number of studies.

Bone protective effects of purified extract from Ruscus aculeatus on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats.

Ruscus aculeatus is a source of steroidal saponins that could mimic sex hormones and could help alleviate the risk of fracture in osteoporotic patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of an extract from R. aculeatus (ERA) on the proliferation of human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cell line and to investigate the effects of the ERA administered orally for 10 weeks at three doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) on the bone structure of rats with estrogen deficiency induced by bilateral ovariectomy.

In silico and in vivo studies of Astragalus glycyphylloides saponin(s) with relevance to metabolic syndrome modulation.

Triterpenoids are well known modulators of metabolic syndrome. One of the suggested modes of action (MoAs) involves peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) binding. In this study we aimed to: (i) evaluate in silico potential metabolites and PPARγ-mediated MoA of the sapogenin of the main saponin present in a purified saponins' mixture (PSM) from Astragalus glycyphylloides; (ii) estimate in silico and in vivo PSM's toxicity; and (iii) investigate in vivo antihyperglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of PSM.

A new tetracyclic saponin from L. and its neuroprotective and hMAO-B inhibiting activity.

A new tetracyclic saponin, 17(),20()-3,6,16-trihydroxycycloartanyl-23-carboxylic acid 16-lactone 3-O--D-glucopyranoside () together with one known flavonoid, camelliaside A () were isolated from the aerial parts of L. Their structures were determined by chemical, HRESIMS and NMR methods. On 6-hydroxydopamine model on isolated rat brain synaptosomes, compounds - had statistically significant neuroprotective activity similar to that of Silibinin, tested at 100 μM.

Molecular determinants of PPARγ partial agonism and related in silico/in vivo studies of natural saponins as potential type 2 diabetes modulators.

The metabolic syndrome, which includes hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, has reached an epidemic-like scale. Saponins and sapogenins are considered as valuable natural products for ameliorating this pathology, possibly through the nuclear receptor PPARγ activation. The aims of this study were: to look for in vivo antidiabetic effects of a purified saponins' mixture (PSM) from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb; to reveal by in silico methods the molecular determinants of PPARγ partial agonism, and to investigate the potential PPARγ participation in the PSM effects.

In vitro/in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of defatted extract and flavonoids isolated from Astragalus spruneri Boiss. (Fabaceae).

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a defatted extract (EAS) and three flavonoids, isolated from Astragalus spruneri Boiss. (Fabaceae) using in vitro/in vivo models of liver injury. The EAS was characterized by HPLC and flavonoids (14 mg/g dw) and saponins (8 mg/g dw) were proved.

Production of Δ⁷-Sterols from In Vitro Root Cultures of Endangered Gypsophila trichotoma.

Species from the genus Gypsophila are known for their medicinal, industrial and decorative applications. G. trichotoma Wend.

Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of saponarin from Gypsophila trichotoma on streptozotocin-induced diabetic normotensive and hypertensive rats.

Background: Diabetes and hypertension are diseases that often coexist, which increases the risk of chronic organ damages and cardiovascular complications.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of saponarin, isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma Wend, on blood pressure, glycemia, body weight, and liver biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress in diabetic normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods: Diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, i.

Flavonoids from the Genus Astragalus: Phytochemistry and Biological Activity.

Flavonoids, the most common plant polyphenols are widely distributed in every species and possess a broad range of pharmacological activities. The genus Astragalus is the largest in the Fabaceae family with more than 2,500 species spread. They are known to contain different metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides.

Flavoalkaloids and Flavonoids from Astragalus monspessulanus.

A new flavonol tetraglycoside, quercetin-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranosyl]-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), and two new flavonol alkaloids, N-(8-methylquercetin-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranosyl])-3-hydroxypiperidin-2-one (2) and N-(8-methylkaempferol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranosyl])-3-hydroxypiperidin-2-one (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Astragalus monspessulanus ssp. monspessulanus. Two rare flavonoids with an unusual 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid moiety, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (4) and kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (5), were isolated from the aerial parts of A.

Experimental liver protection of n-butanolic extract of Astragalus monspessulanus L. on carbon tetrachloride model of toxicity in rat.

Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective potential of n-butanolic extract of Astragalus monspessulanus L. (EAM) against in-vitro/in-vivo carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats. Silymarin was used as a positive control.

Effects of rhamnocitrin 4-β-D-galactopyranoside, isolated from Astragalus hamosus on toxicity models in vitro.

Background: Astragalus hamosus L. (Fabaceae) is used in herbal medicine as emollient, demulcent, phrodisiac, diuretic, laxative, and good for inflammation, ulcers, and leukoderma. It is useful in treating irritation of the mucous membranes, nervous affections, and catarrh.

Cytotoxicity of gypsogenic acid isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma.

Background: Gypsophila trichotoma Wend. (Caryophyllaceae) is a medicinal plant which is protected in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. Previous studies have showed the presence of triterpene saponins, sterols, flavonoids, triterpens, etc.

Protective effects of the apigenin-O/C-diglucoside saponarin from Gypsophila trichotoma on carbone tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro/in vivo in rats.

This study investigated the hepatoprotective activity of saponarin, isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma Wend., using in vitro/in vivo hepatotoxicity model based on carbone tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver damage in male Wistar rats. The effect of saponarin was compared with those of silymarin.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of saponarin, isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma Wend. on paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats.

The hepatoprotective potential of saponarin, isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma, was evaluated in vitro/in vivo using a hepatotoxicity model of paracetamol-induced liver injury. In freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, paracetamol (100 μ mol) led to a significant decrease in cell viability, increased LDH leakage, decreased levels of cellular GSH, and elevated MDA quantity. Saponarin (60-0.

Protective effects of a purified saponin mixture from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb., in vivo hepatotoxicity models.

In this study, the in vivo effects of a purified saponin mixture (PSM), obtained from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb., were investigated using two in vivo hepatotoxicity models based on liver damage caused by paracetamol (PC) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ). The effects of PSM were compared with silymarin.

Hepatoprotective effects of saponarin, isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma Wend. on cocaine-induced oxidative stress in rats.

The antioxidant effect of saponarin, which is the main flavone isolated from Gypsophila trichotoma Wend., and its protection against cocaine hepatotoxicity were investigated in male Wistar rats. The animals were treated with cocaine (40 mg/kg i.

Phytochemical analysis and in vitro cytotoxic activity of volatiles from Astragalus corniculatus.

The volatile fractions from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb., cultivated and collected wild, were analyzed at three different phenological phases for the first time. GC/MS analysis showed that the volatile fractions contain hydrocarbons, butyl ethers, acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, terpenes.