The portable stochastic sensor as a screening tool for simultaneous determination of HER-1 and CA 125 - a key factor in the rapid recognition of gastric cancer.

The significance of HER-1 and CA 125 lies in their ability to guide cancer diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, improving personalized care and enhancing prognostic accuracy. The utilization of HER-1 and CA 125 as screening biomarkers for the anticipation of early-stage cancer and monitoring cancer progression is expanding due to the invasive and costly nature of present techniques. In this study, a novel stochastic sensor was developed for the simultaneous determination of HER-1 and CA 125 in whole blood, saliva, and gastric tumor tissue samples using a fast, easy, inexpensive, and portable method.

Determination of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 in Biological Samples Using a 3D Stochastic Microsensor Based on Graphene Oxide/AuNanoparticles/(Z)-N-(pyridin-4-yl-methyl) Octadec-9-enamide.

The levels of the MMPs in the biological samples of confirmed patients with gastric cancer are significantly elevated compared to those found in healthy people. Therefore, a novel 3D stochastic microsensor based on graphene oxide, modified with gold nanoparticles and (Z)-N-(pyridin-4-yl-methyl) octadec-9-enamide (namely N2-AuNP/GO), was designed for the determination of MMP-2 in biological samples, and validated for the screening tests of biological samples in order to be used for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer. The proposed sensor presents a low limit of quantification (1.

Simultaneous Assay of CA 72-4, CA 19-9, CEA and CA 125 in Biological Samples Using Needle Three-Dimensional Stochastic Microsensors.

Two-needle 3D stochastic microsensors based on boron- and nitrogen-decorated gra-phenes, modified with N-(2-mercapto-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-yl), were designed and used for the molecular recognition and quantification of CA 72-4, CA 19-9, CEA and CA 125 biomarkers in biological samples such as whole blood, urine, saliva and tumoral tissue. The NBGr-2 sensor yielded lower limits of determination. For CEA, the LOD was 4.

New stochastic devices for simultaneous analysis of mismatch repair proteins and KRAS in biological samples.

Two stochastic microsensors based on the immobilization of inulins: inutec and frutafit in a paste obtained from a graphene decorated with nitrogen (10.8 %), and boron (2.6 %), and paraffin oil (IR purity) were designed, characterized and validated for the molecular recognition and analysis of mismatch repair proteins like MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and of KRAS in biological samples such as: whole blood, urine, saliva, and tumoral tissues.

Bioanalysis of MMR and KRAS - a key factor in diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Two miniaturized electrochemical devices were designed for the simultaneous bioanalysis of MMR (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), and of KRAS in whole blood, urine, saliva, and tumoral tissues. The devices comprised besides the electronic part of the potentiostat a combined 3D stochastic microsensor (combined microplatform) with the sensing part based on the modification of graphene decorated with nitrogen, sulfur and boron (NSB-EGR) modified with two types of frutafit: FTEX and FHD. For the assay of MSH2, MSH6, KRAS, and PMS2 higher sensitivities were recorded when the microdevice based on FHD was used, while for the assay of MLH1 the best sensitivity was achieved by using the microdevice based on FTEX.

Sodium Metabisulfite in Food and Biological Samples: A Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Electrochemical Detection Method.

The primary benefit of using sulfites as a food additive is their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which stop fungi and bacteria from growing in a variety of foods. The application of analytical methods is necessary to ensure food quality control related to the presence of sulfites in a variety of foods. For the detection of sodium metabisulfite in food and urine samples, two sensors based on reduced graphene oxide doped with Pd paste and modified with 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl chloride)-21H,23H-iron (III) porphyrin were proposed.

Decline in Running Performance in Highest-Level Soccer: Analysis of the UEFA Champions League Matches.

It is widely recognized that there is a decline in match running performance (MRP) towards the end of matches. To clarify whether it is primarily a consequence of fatigue, pacing or situational influences, this study aimed to examine MRP across 15-min match periods for players on different playing positions. Players’ MRP (n = 244) were examined from the UEFA Champions League matches (n = 20) using a semiautomatic optical tracking system.

A Single-Antenna Method and Post-Processing Strategy for Radar Cross-Section Measurements at Near-Field Ranges.

The single-antenna technique proposed in this paper was developed for measuring the radar cross-section at near-field distances in a real environment, from reflection coefficient measurements on the antenna. The near-field radar cross-section is corrected with an analytical factor calculated as a ratio between the radar cross-section computed at far-field and near-field. The analytical correction factor takes into account the effects of the diffraction at the edges of the target at incidence angles higher than 20°.

Carbon Nanopowder-Based Stochastic Sensor for Ultrasensitive Assay of CA 15-3, CEA and HER2 in Whole Blood.

Two microsensors obtained by the physical immobilization of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine (TPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl chloride)-21H,23H-iron (III) porphyrin (Fe(TPFPP)Cl) in carbon nanopowder decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNp) were designed, characterized, validated and used for the molecular recognition and simultaneous ultrasensitive determination of CEA, CA15-3 and HER2 in whole blood. High sensitivities were recorded for both microsensors. Low limits of quantification were recorded for all biomarkers: CEA (12.

N,S-Decorated graphenes modified with 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese(III) chloride-based 3D needle stochastic sensors for enantioanalysis of arginine: a key factor in the metabolomics and early detection of gastric cancer.

Arginine has an important role in the metabolomics of gastric cancer. Two 3D enantioselective needle stochastic sensors based on the physical immobilization of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese(III) chloride (solution, 10 mol L) in graphene paste matrices decorated with N and S atoms were designed, characterized and validated for the enantioanalysis of arginine in whole blood and tissue samples. The signature values obtained for the enantiomers of arginine confirmed that the stochastic sensors are enantioselective.

Stochastic biosensors based on N- and S-doped graphene for the enantioanalysis of aspartic acid in biological samples.

Metabolomics plays a very important role in cancer mechanism and also in the early diagnosis of cancer. The enantioanalysis of aminoacids found in biological samples may favor the development of new screening tests for the early diagnosis of cancer. Two stochastic biosensors, based on the immobilization of α-hemolysin and hemin in exfoliated reduced graphene modified with nitrogen and sulphur, were proposed for the enantioanalysis of aspartic acid in biological samples (whole blood, urine, saliva, and tissue).

Fast screening method for early diagnostic of gastric cancer based on utilization of a chitosan - S-doped graphene - based needle stochastic sensors.

Needle stochastic sensors were developed for the assay of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in different biological samples (e.g., whole blood, tissues, urine, and saliva).

Stochastic microsensors based on modified graphene for pattern recognition of maspin in biological samples.

Maspin is a novel serine protease inhibitor differentially expressed in several types of human cancers. It proved to be a key biomarker in the assessment of gastric cancer. Therefore, we design, characterize, and validate two stochastic microsensors based on graphene co-doped with N and S, and modified with α-cyclodextrin and maltodextrin, for the pattern recognition and quantification of maspin in whole blood, gastric tumor tissue, saliva, and urine.

2D disposable stochastic sensors for molecular recognition and quantification of maspin in biological samples.

Three disposable stochastic sensors using nanolayer deposition of a graphene nanocomposite comprising graphene nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles, on different supports: silk, plastic, and paper, and modified with chitosan, were characterized and validated for molecular recognition and quantification of maspin in biological samples. Very low limits of determination (of pg mL magnitude order) were recorded (5.12 pg mL for the sensor based on silk at pH 7.

Effectiveness of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Visual Feedback Balance Training on Lower Limb Post-Stroke Spasticity, Trunk Performance, and Balance: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Stroke remains one of the leading causes of disability in adults, and lower limb spasticity, affected stance, and balance impact everyday life and activities of such patients. Robotic therapy and assessment are becoming important tools to clinical evaluation for post-stroke rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to determine in a more objective manner the effects of visual feedback balance training through a balance trainer system and radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT), along with conventional physiotherapy, on lower limb post-stroke spasticity, trunk control, and static and dynamic balance through clinical and stabilometric assessment.

Long-Term Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Lower Limb Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) on reducing lower limb post-stroke spasticity in adults. A systematic electronic search of PubMed/ MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE(R), and search engine of Google Scholar was performed. Publications that ranged from January 2010 to August 2020, published in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian language and available as full texts were eligible for inclusion and they were searched without any restrictions of country.

Enantioanalysis of glutamine-a key factor in establishing the metabolomics process in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Early detection will facilitate early treatment and full recovery of the patients. Metabolomics facilitated the detection of few amino acids able to be used as biomarkers.

An UWB Physical Optics Approach for Fresnel-Zone RCS Measurements on a Complex Target at Non-Normal Incidence.

In this paper, we propose a fast method for measuring the radar cross section of a complex target at non-normal incidences and Fresnel region antenna-to-target distances. The proposed method relies both on the physical optics approach and on averaging the field distribution over the transmitting and receiving antenna apertures. The ratio between the analytical expression of the radar cross section at far-field and Fresnel region results in a field-zone extrapolation factor.

Enantioanalysis of tryptophan in whole blood samples using stochastic sensors-A screening test for gastric cancer.

Tryptophan is a key amino acid related to metabolomics in gastric cancer. To date, methods were developed only for the assay of l-tryptophan, the role of d-tryptophan being not yet established. Therefore, four stochastic sensors based on different graphene materials modified with β-cyclodextrins, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and protoporphyrin IX were designed and used for enantioanalysis of tryptophan in whole blood samples.

Molecular recognition of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-15 in biological fluids using phthalocyanine-based stochastic sensors.

Two stochastic sensors based on the modification of graphite paste with the complexes formed by phthalocyanine (PhCN) with Ni and Cu were designed and used for molecular recognition of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-15. The four interleukins were recognized according to their signatures-called t (qualitative parameter) from the diagrams obtained after measurements. The limit of determination for IL-8 was 1 × 10μg mL when both stochastic sensors were used; for IL-10, the determination limit was 4.