Correction: The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada's largest CMAs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Time Trends in Male Breast Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Survival in Austria (1983-2017).

Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) comprises less than 1% of all breast cancer cases globally and remains understudied with persisting sex-specific survival disadvantages. We aim to contribute to better understanding of MBC with a comprehensive analysis of time-trends over several decades in Austria.

Methods: We used Austrian National Cancer Registry data on 1648 cases of MBC cases diagnosed between 1983 and 2017 in Austria.

Prediction of airborne pollen and sub-pollen particles for thunderstorm asthma outbreaks assessment.

When exposed to convective thunderstorm conditions, pollen grains can rupture and release large numbers of allergenic sub-pollen particles (SPPs). These sub-pollen particles easily enter deep into human lungs, causing an asthmatic response named thunderstorm asthma (TA). Up to now, efforts to numerically predict the airborne SPP process and to forecast the occurrence of TAs are unsatisfactory.

Trends in female breast cancer incidence, mortality, and survival in Austria, with focus on age, stage, and birth cohorts (1983-2017).

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant disease and the leading cause of cancer death in women in Austria. We investigated overall and subgroup-specific female breast cancer rates to provide a comprehensive analysis of trends over several decades. Incidence, mortality, and survival, as well as age-, stage-, and birth cohort-specific incidence were analysed using nationwide cancer registry data on 163,694 cases of female breast cancer in Austria (1983-2017).

The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada's largest CMAs.

Income polarization is a pressing issue which is increasingly discussed by academics and policymakers. The present research examines income polarization in Canada's eight largest Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) using data at the census-tract (CT) level between 1971 and 2016. Generally, there are significant decreasing trends in the middle-income population with simultaneously increasing trends in low-income groups.

Effect of race and ethnicity on renal transplant referral .

Background: Multiple studies have revealed disparity in renal healthcare access and outcomes in racial/ethnic minorities with the socioeconomic status explaining the majority but not all of the disparity. We wanted to determine if racial/ethnic disparities existed at the first step toward renal transplantation, the renal transplant referral process.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 200 adult end-stage renal disease patients was followed retrospectively for 2 years from January 2016 to February 2018.

Deep mapping gentrification in a large Canadian city using deep learning and Google Street View.

Gentrification is multidimensional and complex, but there is general agreement that visible changes to neighbourhoods are a clear manifestation of the process. Recent advances in computer vision and deep learning provide a unique opportunity to support automated mapping or 'deep mapping' of perceptual environmental attributes. We present a Siamese convolutional neural network (SCNN) that automatically detects gentrification-like visual changes in temporal sequences of Google Street View (GSV) images.

The Interdialytic Creatinine Rise is a novel marker of volume overload and mortality risk in hemodialysis patients.

Background: Volume overload poses a major risk in hemodialysis patients but simple detection methods are lacking. We propose a novel marker, the Interdialytic Creatinine Rise (IDCR), readily calculated as the change in serum creatinine over time (in mg/dL/h), to assess volume overload and predict mortality risk in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: First, we calculated IDCR changes with volume in a prospective cohort of 35 hospitalized hemodialysis patients awaiting hemodialysis and 33 hospitalized patients undergoing hemodialysis every other day.

Characterization of VOC sources in an urban area based on PTR-MS measurements and receptor modelling.

In this study, the concentrations of volatile organic compounds were measured by the use of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, together with NO x , NO, NO2, SO2, CO and PM10 and meteorological parameters in an urban area of Belgrade during winter 2014. The multivariate receptor model US EPA Unmix was applied to the obtained dataset resolving six source profiles, which can be attributed to traffic-related emissions, gasoline evaporation/oil refineries, petrochemical industry/biogenic emissions, aged plumes, solid-fuel burning and local laboratories. Besides the vehicle exhaust, accounting for 27.

Optical, size and mass properties of mixed type aerosols in Greece and Romania as observed by synergy of lidar and sunphotometers in combination with model simulations: a case study.

A coordinated experimental campaign aiming to study the aerosol optical, size and mass properties was organized in September 2012, in selected sites in Greece and Romania. It was based on the synergy of lidar and sunphotometers. In this paper we focus on a specific campaign period (23-24 September), where mixed type aerosols (Saharan dust, biomass burning and continental) were confined from the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) up to 4-4.

Autonomic effects of controlled fine particulate exposure in young healthy adults: effect modification by ozone.

Background: Human controlled-exposure studies have assessed the impact of ambient fine particulate matter on cardiac autonomic function measured by heart rate variability (HRV), but whether these effects are modified by concomitant ozone exposure remains unknown.

Objective: In this study we assessed the impact of O(3) and particulate matter exposure on HRV in humans.

Methods: In a crossover design, 50 subjects (19-48 years of age) were randomized to 2-hr controlled exposures to filtered air (FA), concentrated ambient particles (CAPs), O(3), or combined CAPs and ozone (CAPs + O(3)).

Synthesis of some new antianemics I. Iron pullulan complexes of pharmaceutical interest.

First experiments were performed in order to obtain a polynuclear iron(III) complex with pullulan, which could be applied in therapy of sideropenic anemia. Complete synthesis of the complex can be realized with oligomers of depolymerized pullulan at an average molar mass 8000-10,000 g.mol-1.

Microfabrication of individual 200 microm diameter transdermal microconduits using high voltage pulsing in salicylic acid and benzoic acid.

We describe an extension of semiconductor fabrication methods that creates individual approximately 200 microm diameter aqueous pathways through human stratum corneum at predetermined sites. Our hypothesis is that spatially localized electroporation of the multilamellar lipid bilayer membranes provides rapid delivery of salicylic acid to the keratin within corneocytes, leading to localized keratin disruption and then to a microconduit. A microconduit penetrating the isolated stratum corneum supports a volumetric flow of order 0.

Spatially constrained skin electroporation with sodium thiosulfate and urea creates transdermal microconduits.

Controlled transport of molecules through the skin's main barrier, the stratum corneum (SC), is a long standing goal of transdermal drug delivery. Traditional, needle-based injection provides delivery of almost any water soluble compound, by creating a single large aqueous pathway in the form of the hollow core of a needle, through which drug is delivered by pressure-driven flow. We extend previous work to show that SC-spanning microconduits (here with diameters of about 200 microm) can be created in vivo by skin electroporation and low-toxicity, keratolytic molecules (here sodium thiosulfate and urea).

Growth hormone secretion elicited by GHRH, GHRP-6 or GHRH plus GHRP-6 in patients with microprolactinoma and macroprolactinoma before and after bromocriptine therapy.

Objective: Growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) are potent GH releasers which act at both pituitary and hypothalamic levels through specific G-protein coupled receptors, recently cloned. A synergistic effect from the simultaneous administration of GHRH + GHRP-6 on GH release is observed in normal subjects, while it is absent in patients with hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection. We studied the effects of GHRH, GHRP-6 and both secretagogues on GH release in patients harbouring pituitary tumours that may be reduced in size by medical treatment.

[Preliminary results of experimental reanastomosis of uterine horns of laboratory rats after sterilization].

The goal of the launched studies was to analyse, on an experimental model, the histophysiological properties of the segments of the rat's uterine horns after end-to-end anastomoses by the microsurgery technique. Sexually mature females of the laboratory Winster strain were used. Eight weeks after the uterine horns were ligated for sterilization, reanastomosomes were performed.