DNA methylation differences at birth after conception through ART.

Study Question: Is there a relation between ART and DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns in cord blood, including any differences between IVF and ICSI?

Summary Answer: DNAm at 19 CpGs was associated with conception via ART, with no difference found between IVF and ICSI.

What Is Known Already: Prior studies on either IVF or ICSI show conflicting outcomes, as both widespread effects on DNAm and highly localized associations have been reported. No study on both IVF and ICSI and genome-wide neonatal DNAm has been performed.

Pediatric use of prescribed melatonin in Sweden 2006-2017: a register based study.

Sleep disturbances are common in the pediatric population and should primarily be treated non-pharmacologically. Most medicines for sleep disturbances are not approved for pediatric use and data on long-term safety is scarce. In Sweden, melatonin is classified as a prescription medicine.

Mortality from infancy to adolescence in singleton children conceived from assisted reproductive techniques versus naturally conceived singletons in Sweden.

Objective: To assess infant (<1 year) and childhood (1-18 years) mortality in singletons conceived through assisted reproductive techniques (ART) versus naturally conceived singletons.

Design: Nationwide prospective study.

Setting: Sweden.

The Uppsala-Stockholm Assisted Reproductive Techniques (UppStART) study.

Purpose: The Uppsala-Stockholm Assisted Reproductive Techniques (UppStART) study is a prospectively recruited sample of couples undergoing assisted reproduction in Stockholm and Uppsala county in Sweden. The study was initiated to (1) investigate possible changes in the epigenetic profile of infants inferred through the ART procedures and their consequence and (2) to assess the impact of lifestyle and health exposures on treatment outcome.

Participants: Recruitment took place between September 2011 and December 2013, and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles initiated and pregnancies conceived during this time were followed until December 2014.

Investigating the effect of lifestyle risk factors upon number of aspirated and mature oocytes in in vitro fertilization cycles: Interaction with antral follicle count.

Introduction: There is evidence demonstrating that certain lifestyle factors have a detrimental effect on fertility. Since such factors often coexist, possible synergistic effects merit further investigation. Thus we aimed to examine the cumulative impact of lifestyle factors on in vitro fertilization (IVF) early reproductive treatment outcomes and their interaction with measures of ovarian reserve.

Assisted reproductive technology and risk of ovarian cancer and borderline tumors in parous women: a population-based cohort study.

The study aimed to investigate if assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment or a diagnosis of infertility were associated with the risk of ovarian cancer or borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) in parous women. In a population-based register study of 1,340,097 women with a first live birth in Sweden 1982-2012, the relationship between ART treatments, infertility and incidence of ovarian cancer or BOT were investigated using Cox regression analysis. In the cohort, 38,025 women gave birth following ART, 49,208 following an infertility diagnosis but no ART and 1,252,864 without infertility diagnosis or ART.

The risk of breast and gynecological cancer in women with a diagnosis of infertility: a nationwide population-based study.

Some studies have suggested that infertility is a risk factor for endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer. The study aimed to create a comprehensive picture of the association between infertility and the risk of ovarian, endometrial and breast cancer, and whether any association could be explained by ovulatory disturbances, endometriosis or nulliparity. In a population-based cohort of 2,882,847 women, cox regression analysis was used to investigate cancer incidence among infertile women.

Hidden heritability due to heterogeneity across seven populations.

Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which dominate genetic discovery are based on data from diverse historical time periods and populations. Genetic scores derived from GWAS explain only a fraction of the heritability estimates obtained from whole-genome studies on single populations, known as the 'hidden heritability' puzzle. Using seven sampling populations (N=35,062), we test whether hidden heritability is attributed to heterogeneity across sampling populations and time, showing that estimates are substantially smaller from across compared to within populations.

Polycystic ovary syndrome, personality, and depression: A twin study.

Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at elevated risk for suffering from depression. Neuroticism is a personality trait that has been associated with an increased risk for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of the present study was to quantify and decompose the correlation between neuroticism, PCOS, and MDD into shared and unique genetic and environmental etiologies, by using quantitative genetic methods.

Ovarian stimulation and risk of breast cancer in Swedish women.

Objective: To investigate whether ovarian stimulation for treating infertility is associated with the risk of breast cancer.

Design: Nationwide register-based cohort study.

Setting: Not applicable.

Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Severe Mental Illness in Offspring.

Importance: Several recent population-based studies have linked exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy to increased risk of severe mental illness in offspring (eg, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia). It is not yet clear, however, whether this association results from causal teratogenic effects or from confounding influences shared by smoking and severe mental illness.

Objective: To examine the association between smoking during pregnancy and severe mental illness in offspring, adjusting for measured covariates and unmeasured confounding using family-based designs.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and psychiatric disorders: Co-morbidity and heritability in a nationwide Swedish cohort.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting 5-15% of reproductive-aged women and characterized by high levels of circulating androgens. Given that androgens have been implicated in the aetiology of several psychiatric disorders, it was hypothesized that women with PCOS have high risk for psychiatric comorbidity. We aimed to investigate this risk amongst women with PCOS, as well as in their siblings, to elucidate if familial factors underlie any potential associations.

Association of infertility and fertility treatment with mammographic density in a large screening-based cohort of women: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Ovarian stimulation drugs, in particular hormonal agents used for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) required to perform in vitro fertilization, increase estrogen and progesterone levels and have therefore been suspected to influence breast cancer risk. This study aims to investigate whether infertility and hormonal fertility treatment influences mammographic density, a strong hormone-responsive risk factor for breast cancer.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including 43,313 women recruited to the Karolinska Mammography Project between 2010 and 2013.

Depression, anxiety, and antidepressant treatment in women: association with in vitro fertilization outcome.

Objective: To investigate associations between depression, anxiety, and antidepressants before in vitro fertilization (IVF) and IVF cycle outcomes, including pregnancy, live birth, and miscarriage.

Design: Nationwide register-based cohort study.

Setting: Not applicable.

Somatic Comorbidity in Women with Overactive Bladder Syndrome.

Purpose: We explore the influence of co-occurring somatic illnesses on prevalent overactive bladder in women of premenopausal age.

Materials And Methods: Data for the present study were derived from a nationwide survey on complex diseases among all twins in the Swedish Twin Registry born 1959 to 1985. The present study was limited to female twins participating in the survey (12,850).

Risk for childhood leukemia associated with maternal and paternal age.

The role of reproductive factors, such as parental age, in the pathogenesis of childhood leukemias is being intensively examined; the results of individual studies are controversial. This meta-analysis aims to quantitatively synthesize the published data on the association between parental age and risk of two major distinct childhood leukemia types in the offspring. Eligible studies were identified and pooled relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using random-effects models, separately for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Does Use of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin during Pregnancy Influence the Risk of Prolonged Labor: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: The use of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) during pregnancy is increasing. In vitro studies and small clinical studies support the hypothesis that LMWH treatment during pregnancy may reduce duration of labor. The aim of this study was to investigate if use of LMWH is associated with a reduced risk of diagnosis of prolonged labor, after taking maternal, fetal and other delivery characteristics into account.

Socioeconomic disparities in survival from childhood leukemia in the United States and globally: a meta-analysis.

Background: Despite advancements in the treatment of childhood leukemia, socioeconomic status (SES) may potentially affect disease prognosis. This study aims to evaluate whether SES is associated with survival from childhood leukemia.

Methods: The US National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) 1973-2010 data were analyzed; thereafter, results were meta-analyzed along with those from survival (cohort) studies examining the association between SES indices and survival from childhood leukemia (end-of-search date: 31 March 2014).

Decreased birth weight, length, and head circumference in children born by women years after treatment for hyperthyroidism.

Context: Whether hyperthyroidism influences the birth characteristics of children born several years after treatment is unknown.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare birth characteristics in singleton newborns delivered by women previously treated for Graves' disease (GD), toxic nodular goiter (TNG), or nontoxic goiter (NTG).

Design: This was a nested case-control design within a national cohort registry study from 1950 through 2006.

Does urinary incontinence have fetal origins? Results from a nationwide twin study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of birth weight and being born small for gestational age (SGA) on urinary incontinence (UI) among premenopausal women.

Methods: In 2005, a total of 14,094 female twins born 1959-1985 who had been included in the Swedish Twin Registry participated in a survey on common exposures and complex diseases, including urinary incontinence. Information regarding birth weight and gestational age was obtained from the Medical Birth Register (for twins born 1973-1985) and from the medical archives (for twins born 1959-1972).

Breast cancer risk in opposite-sexed twins: influence of birth weight and co-twin birth weight.

Most, but not all, studies report a positive association between birth weight, as an indirect marker of prenatal hormone exposure, and offspring breast cancer risk, particularly premenopausal breast cancer. Females from opposite-sexed twin pairs may also be prenatally exposed to androgens from their twin brothers. A Swedish study of opposite-sexed twins with a small sample size found a very strong positive association between female birth weight and breast cancer risk.

Depression, neuroticism, and urinary incontinence in premenopausal women: a nationwide twin study.

Previous studies have found that major depression and neuroticism are positively associated with urinary incontinence (UI). However, the genetic contribution to these associations has never been investigated. In 2005, a total of 14,094 female twins born 1959-1985 in the Swedish Twin Registry participated in a comprehensive survey on common exposures and complex diseases.

Autism and mental retardation among offspring born after in vitro fertilization.

Importance: Between 1978 and 2010, approximately 5 million infants were born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments. Yet limited information on neurodevelopment after IVF exists, especially after the first year of life.

Objective: To examine the association between use of any IVF and different IVF procedures and the risk of autistic disorder and mental retardation in the offspring.