and Combined Extracts Cause Immunomodulatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats.

and which belong to the Asteraceae family, are widely used plants in traditional medicine. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor effects are well known. However, there are no data on the effects of their combination.

Cannabidiol improves memory and decreases IL-1β serum levels in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.

Memory improving and anti-inflammatory properties of cannabidiol (CBD) were investigated in an experimental model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation.

Vitamin D exerts immunomodulatory and memory improving properties in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid, its primary function being regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis and maintenance of bone integrity and mineralization. Recently, pleotropic effects of this vitamin have been recognized, including an immunomodulatory role and involvement in normal brain development and functioning.

Anxiolytic Effect of Dry Extract and its Active Compounds Rosmarinic Acid and Carvacrol in Acute Stress Experimental Model.

Background: Anxiety disorders are an important not only medical, but also social problem, affecting approx. 300 million people worldwide in 2019. Medications used in the treatment of anxiety are associated with many adverse reactions, which explains the increased use of herbal products as anxiolytics.

Dopaminergic agonist pramipexole improves memory and increases IL-10 production in LPS-challenged rats.

Objectives: A variety of cytokines are involved in cognitive functioning. Balance restoration between protective and degenerative neuro-inflammation is of great interest in newer therapeutic approaches. In the current study, we investigated the effect of pramipexole (PMX) on memory functions, hippocampal amyloid deposition, serum cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged-rats.

Pramipexole and tolcapone alleviate thermal and mechanical nociception in naive rats.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is а neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by its motor symptoms. The non-motor symptoms including pain are increasingly recognized in the last few decades. Existing evidence suggests that the dopaminergic neurotransmission has an essential role in pain control.

An experimental study on phytochemical composition and memory enhancing effect of Ginkgo biloba seed extract.

Introduction: The Ginkgo biloba L. tree is considered as one of the oldest species on Earth. It is known as a "living fossil" dating back approximately 200 million years.

Effects of Pramipexole on Learning and Memory Processes in Naïve and Haloperidol-challenged Rats in Active Avoidance Test.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurode-generative disease, usually detected by its motor symptoms. The non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits, have been of great interest to researchers in the last few decades.

Aim: To assess the effect of pramipexole on learning and memory in naïve and haloperidol-challenged rats.

Catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitor tolcapone improves learning and memory in naïve but not in haloperidol challenged rats.

Objectives: Dopamine plays an important role in cognitive functions. Inhibition of the dopamine-degrading enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) may have beneficial effects. Our aim was to assess the effect of COMT inhibitor tolcapone (TCP) on learning and memory in naïve and haloperidol-challenged rats.

Antioxidant Activity of Dry Birch (Betula Pendula) Leaves Extract.

Background: Betula pendula is widespread in Europe and Asia. It has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times. Birch leaf extracts are known to exhibit a number of pharmacological activities.

Biological Screening of Novel Structural Analog of Celecoxib as Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Agent.

The clinical use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is limited due to high incidence of adverse drug reactions. The pyrrole heterocycle is included in the chemical structure of a number of drugs with various activities and shows relatively good tolerability and safety. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as possible organ toxicity, of 2-[3-acetyl-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid (compound 3g), a novel N-pyrrolylcarboxylic acid structurally similar to celecoxib.

Experimental Study of the Analgesic Effect of the Antidepressant Escitalopram.

Background: Antidepressants have been found to possess antinociceptive and analgesic properties and are prescribed in the treatment of chronic pain.

Aim: To evaluate the antinociceptive properties of escitalopram after a single administration.

Materials And Methods: Forty Wistar rats were used in the study.

In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Activity of 2-[3-Acetyl- 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-pyrrol-1-yl]-4-methylsulfanylbutyric Acid.

Background: Persisting inflammatory stimuli cause chronic inflammation recognized as the major factor contributing to the development of a number of diseases. One group of drugs used in the treatment of chronic inflammation is the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and, more specifically, the selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs). However, most of the coxibs were withdrawn from the market in view of their safety profile.

Experimental study on the role of 5-HT2 serotonin receptors in the mechanism of anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic action of antidepressant fluoxetine.

Introduction: Fluoxetine is an antidepressant that has anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects in experimental models of pain and inflammation. The AIM of the present study was to determine the role of 5-HT2 receptors in the mechanism of anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic action of fluoxetine after single and repeated administration of the drug.

Materials And Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided in five groups (n = 8) treated for 14 days with saline (control), diclofenac (positive control), fluoxetine, cyproheptadine (5-HT2 antagonist), and fluoxetine + cyproheptadine, respectively.

Study on anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of clomipramine in carrageenan- and lipopolysaccharide-induced rat models of inflammation.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of clomipramine in carrageenan- and lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS-induced) models of inflammation by investigating the changes in serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β after single and repeated administration of the drug. In order to study the effect of single and repeated doses of clomipramine on carrageenan-induced paw oedema, male Wistar rats were divided in five groups ( = 8): control, positive control group and three experimental groups treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg bw clomipramine, respectively. The effect of single and repeated doses of clomipramine on serum cytokine levels was studied as animals were divided in four groups: two control groups treated with saline and two experimental groups treated with clomipramine 20 mg/kg bw.

Effect of testosterone propionate on erythropoiesis after experimental orchiectomy.

Introduction: Androgen deficiency anemia occurs most frequently in pharmacogenic suppression of androgen synthesis or with advancing age in men. Bilateral orchiectomy is a surgical modality used in the treatment of metastatic prostate carcinoma. It is accompanied by marked decrease in circulating serum levels of androgens.

Antinociceptive effect of clomipramine through interaction with serotonin 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor subtypes.

Introduction: Tricyclic antidepressants are used in the treatment of various pain syndromes. The antidepressant clomipramine inhibits predominantly the reuptake of serotonin in the central nervous system. The mechanism of its analgesic effect is not fully understood.

Physiological and clinical characteristics of andropause.

The process of aging in man involves a lot of functional and structural changes in the body organs and systems. In this review we shall characterize the physiological and clinical manifestations of andropause. We'll review the physiological basis of the ageing process, the age-related changes in the testosterone secretion regulation, and the dynamics of androgen action and active testosterone metabolism.