Comparison of Transcutaneous and Total Serum Bilirubin Measurements at Five Different Sites in Newborns before and after Phototherapy.

Objective: This study aims to examine the accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) in estimating the total serum bilirubin (TSB) level at five different sites before and immediately after phototherapy.

Methods: This study prospectively enrolled infants with a gestational age of 34 to 41 weeks who were clinically diagnosed with neonatal jaundice and required phototherapy within 28 days after birth. TcB levels were measured on the uncovered four areas (forehead, mid-sternum, abdomen, and interscapular site) and covered hipbone by using the Dräger JM-103 Jaundice Meter before phototherapy and at 0 min after discontinuing phototherapy.

Risk Factors for Clinical Seizures in Neonates with Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia.

Background: This study aimed to assess the risk factors for clinical seizures in newborns treated with whole body cooling (WBC) for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Methods: Infants with gestational age≥36 weeks and birth weight≥2.000 g who were treated with WBC due to HIE were retrospectively enrolled in this study.

A Genotyped Case of Townes-Brocks Syndrome with Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome from Turkey.

Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) is a rare syndrome characterized by triad of anal, ear, and thumb anomalies. Further malformations/anomalies include congenital heart diseases, foot malformations, sensorineural and/or conductive hearing impairment, genitourinary malformations, and anomalies of eye and nervous system. Definitive diagnosis for TBS is confirmed by molecular analysis for mutations in the gene.

Correlation between Perfusion Index and Left Ventricular Output in Healthy Late Preterm Infants.

Objective: The perfusion index (PI) is a noninvasive marker derived from photoelectric plethysmographic signals in pulse oximetry in the evaluation of peripheral perfusion. This study was aimed to determine the correlation between PI and left ventricular output (LVO) in healthy late preterm infants at 48 hour of life.

Study Design: With new generation pulse oximeter (MASIMO Rad 7 Oximeter) pre- and post-ductal PI values were recorded from healthy late preterm babies at the 48 hour of life.

Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Risk Factors for Mortality.

Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the factors associated with mortality in neonates with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP).

Material And Methods: This retrospective, single-center study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Harran University Faculty of Medicine between January 2017 and July 2018 who had CRKP growth in their blood, urine or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. The discharged group was designated as the control group (Group 1), whereas the group that faced mortality was classified as the case group (Group 2).

A Newborn with Infantile-Onset Pompe Disease Improving after Administration of Enzyme Replacement Therapy: Case Report.

Pompe disease (PD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of acid α-1,4-glucosidase enzyme (GAA). PD has two forms, namely the infantile-onset and the late-onset form. In untreated cases, infantile-onset form usually leads to cardio-respiratory failure and death in the first year of life.

Treatment of Permanent Junctional Reciprocating Tachycardia in a Preterm Neonate: Case Report.

Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) is most often observed in infants and children and can lead to incessant tachycardia. PJRT is usually refractory to medical treatment. Tachycardia may infrequently occur in the fetus in which case fetal tachycardia transplacental treatment should be started immediately.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1 Newborn Patient with a Novel Mutation in .

Pseudohypoaldosteronism is a rare disease characterized by resistance to aldosterone-targeted organs, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and severe salt loss in hyperaldosteronism. Homozygous mutations in , and genes were found to be responsible for the etiology. About 80 cases with molecular basis have been reported to date.

Effects of Single Loading Dose of Intravenous Caffeine on Cerebral Oxygenation in Preterm Infants.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants.

Study Design: This was a prospective study of infants with a gestational age (GA) of < 34 weeks who were treated intravenously with a loading dose of 20 mg/kg caffeine citrate within the first 48 hours of life. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSOC) and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy before administering caffeine (baseline), immediately after administering caffeine, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 hours after dose completion; postdose values were compared with the baseline values.

Effects of Caffeine on Splanchnic Oxygenation in Preterm Infants.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of administering 20 mg/kg loading dose of caffeine citrate intravenously on splanchnic oxygenation in preterm infants.

Study Design: The infants with a gestational age (GA) of <34 weeks who were administered with a 20 mg/kg intravenous loading dose of caffeine citrate within 48 hours after birth were investigated prospectively. Regional splanchnic oxygen saturation (rsSO) and splanchnic fractional tissue oxygen extraction rate (sFTOE) were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy before caffeine infusion, immediately after caffeine infusion and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours (h) after dose completion; postdose values were compared with predose values.

Randomized trial of mask or prongs for nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation in term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare nasal masks (NM) with binasal prongs (NP) for applying nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation (NIMV) by assessing the duration of respiratory distress, rate of intubation, and nasal trauma in term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).

Methods: Infants with a gestational age ≥37 weeks and birthweight ≥2,000 g who had NIMV administered for TTN were enrolled. We randomly allocated 80 neonates to the NM (n = 40) or NP (n = 40) group.

Platelet mass index and prediction of severity of transient tachypnea of the newborn.

Background: Platelet mass index (PMI) is associated with platelet functionality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of PMI in predicting the severity of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).

Methods: Infants with gestational age ≥37 weeks and birthweight ≥2,000 g who were given nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation for TTN ≤6 h after birth were retrospectively enrolled in this study.

Spontaneous resolution of a 'ping-pong' fracture at birth.

'Ping-pong' fractures are depressed skull fractures in newborn infants that occur as inward buckling of the calvarial bones, forming a cup shape. These fractures are often associated with maintenance of bone continuity. These fractures may occur spontaneously during the intrauterine period or secondary to birth trauma.

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis following repair of oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula in a neonate.

Development of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) after a few weeks of repair of an oesophageal atresia (OA) and tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF) is a rare condition in early infancy. Although vomiting or feeding intolerance in operated cases of OA+TOF are attributed to oesophageal stricture, gastro-oesophageal reflux and oesophageal dysmotility, it may also be caused by HPS. Herein, we report a newborn infant who had OA and TOF operation on day 2 of life and diagnosed to have HPS at 15th day of age.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Colistin in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants.

Background: Given the severity and high mortality of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) infections, the use of colistin will increase in patients with MDR-GNB infection.

Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous colistin in very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight < 1500 g) preterm infants.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who received colistin between June 2016 and December 2017.

Diagnostic value of urine soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) for late-onset neonatal sepsis in infected preterm neonates.

Objective Sepsis is a complex clinical condition caused by a dysregulated immune response to an infection resulting in a fatal outcome. This study aimed to investigate the value of urine soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) for diagnosing culture-proven sepsis in preterm infants. Methods Preterm neonates were evaluated for late-onset sepsis (LOS).

Can neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predict late-onset sepsis in preterm infants?

Background: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easily accessible biomarker that has been reported to represent disease severity in adult trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between culture positiveness and NLR in cases where the reason of sepsis was considered, and to foresight an idea about the active agents.

Methods: Preterm infants with birth weights ≤1500 g and/or ≤32 gestational weeks were eligible for this study.

An umbilical venous catheter complication presented as acute abdomen: case report.

Umbilical venous catheterization has become a widely accepted intravenous route for premature babies. These catheters allow administration of parenteral nutrition and medication and facilitate blood sampling. Besides these benefits, they also have significant potential complications like portal vein thrombosis, infection, vascular or hepatic injury, arrhythmia and sepsis.

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of semitendinosus tendon in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Does this have an effect on graft choice?

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with ST autograft is sometimes unsuccessful because of harvested thin graft. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a useful tool to evaluate the thickness of the graft. This study is performed to evaluate whether there is any correlation between diameters and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the semitendinosus tendon (ST) on the preoperative magnetic MRI and the diameter of the 4-stranded ST autograft in ACL reconstruction.

Impact of targeted-volume ventilation on pulmonary dynamics in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: Mechanical ventilation is an essential therapy in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants. However, optimal ventilation strategy continues to be difficult to define.

Objective: To compare the effects of volume guarantee (VG) combined with intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) and VG combined with pressure support ventilation (PSV) on the pulmonary mechanics and short term prognosis in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Congenital cutis marmorata telangiectatica and syndactyly in a preterm: case report.

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare, commonly benign, congenital, localized or generalized vascular anomaly of unknown aetiology. It is characterized by persistent cutis marmorata, telangiectasia and phlebectasia. Extracutaneous findings may be associated with CMTC in 18.