Spent Brewer's Yeast Lysis Enables a Approach in the Beer Industry.

Yeasts have emerged as an important resource of bioactive compounds, proteins and peptides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, vitamin B, and polyphenols. Hundreds of thousands of tons of spent brewer's yeast with great biological value are produced globally by breweries every year. Hence, streamlining the practical application processes of the bioactive compounds recovered could close a loop in an important bioeconomy value-chain.

Shedding Light on Calcium Dynamics in the Budding Yeast: A Review on Calcium Monitoring with Recombinant Aequorin.

Recombinant aequorin has been extensively used in mammalian and plant systems as a powerful tool for calcium monitoring. While aequorin has also been widely applied in yeast research, a notable gap exists in the literature regarding comprehensive reviews of these applications. This review aims to address that gap by providing an overview of how aequorin has been used to explore calcium homeostasis, signaling pathways, and responses to stressors, heavy metals, and toxic compounds in .

Kcs1 and Vip1: The Key Enzymes behind Inositol Pyrophosphate Signaling in .

The inositol pyrophosphate pathway, a complex cell signaling network, plays a pivotal role in orchestrating vital cellular processes in the budding yeast, where it regulates cell cycle progression, growth, endocytosis, exocytosis, apoptosis, telomere elongation, ribosome biogenesis, and stress responses. This pathway has gained significant attention in pharmacology and medicine due to its role in generating inositol pyrophosphates, which serve as crucial signaling molecules not only in yeast, but also in higher eukaryotes. As targets for therapeutic development, genetic modifications within this pathway hold promise for disease treatment strategies, offering practical applications in biotechnology.

New Heterocyclic Compounds from Oxazol-5(4)-one and 1,2,4-Triazin-6(5)-one Classes: Synthesis, Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation.

This paper describes the synthesis of new heterocycles from oxazol-5(4)-one and 1,2,4-triazin-6(5)-one classes containing a phenyl-/4-bromophenylsulfonylphenyl moiety. The oxazol-5(4)-ones were obtained via condensation of 2-(4-(4-X-phenylsulfonyl)benzamido)acetic acids with benzaldehyde/4-fluorobenzaldehyde in acetic anhydride and in the presence of sodium acetate. The reaction of oxazolones with phenylhydrazine, in acetic acid and sodium acetate, yielded the corresponding 1,2,4-triazin-6(5)-ones.

Interaction between Polyphenolic Antioxidants and Cells Defective in Heavy Metal Transport across the Plasma Membrane.

Natural polyphenols are compounds with important biological implications which include antioxidant and metal-chelating characteristics relevant for their antimicrobial, antitumor, or antiaging potential. The mechanisms linking polyphenols and heavy metals in their concerted actions on cells are not completely elucidated. In this study, we used the model eukaryotic microorganism to detect the action of widely prevalent natural polyphenols on yeast cells defective in the main components involved in essential heavy metal transport across the plasma membrane.

cells lacking transcription factors Skn7 or Yap1 exhibit different susceptibility to cyanidin.

Anthocyanidins - the aglycone moiety of anthocyanins - are responsible for the antioxidant traits and for many of the health benefits brought by the consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods, but whether excessive anthocyanidins are deleterious to living organisms is still a matter of debate. In the present study we used the model eukaryotic microorganism to evaluate the potential toxicity of cyanidin, one of the most prevalent anthocyanidins found in berries, grapes, purple vegetables, and red wine. We found that yeast cells lacking the transcription factors responsible for regulating the response to oxidative stress - Skn7 and Yap1 - exhibited different sensitivities to cyanidin.

and Caffeine Implications on the Eukaryotic Cell.

Caffeine-a methylxanthine analogue of the purine bases adenine and guanine-is by far the most consumed neuro-stimulant, being the active principle of widely consumed beverages such as coffee, tea, hot chocolate, and cola. While the best-known action of caffeine is to prevent sleepiness by blocking the adenosine receptors, caffeine exerts a pleiotropic effect on cells, which lead to the activation or inhibition of various cell integrity pathways. The aim of this review is to present the main studies set to investigate the effects of caffeine on cells using the model eukaryotic microorganism , highlighting the caffeine synergy with external cell stressors, such as irradiation or exposure to various chemical hazards, including cigarette smoke or chemical carcinogens.

Anthocyanins and Anthocyanin-Derived Products in Yeast-Fermented Beverages.

The beverages obtained by yeast fermentation from anthocyanin-rich natural sources (grapes, berries, brown rice, etc.) retain part of the initial pigments in the maturated drink. During the fermentation and aging processes anthocyanins undergo various chemical transformations, which include reactions with glycolytic products (especially pyruvate and acetaldehyde) or with other compounds present in the complex fermentation milieu (such as vinylphenols obtained from cinnamic acids by means of a yeast decarboxylase) yielding pigments which can be more stable than the initial anthocyanins.

Heavy metal accumulation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells armed with metal binding hexapeptides targeted to the inner face of the plasma membrane.

Accumulation of heavy metals without developing toxicity symptoms is a phenotype restricted to a small group of plants called hyperaccumulators, whose metal-related characteristics suggested the high potential in biotechnologies such as bioremediation and bioextraction. In an attempt to extrapolate the heavy metal hyperaccumulating phenotype to yeast, we obtained Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells armed with non-natural metal-binding hexapeptides targeted to the inner face of the plasma membrane, expected to sequester the metal ions once they penetrated the cell. We describe the construction of S.

Anchoring plant metallothioneins to the inner face of the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells leads to heavy metal accumulation.

In this study we engineered yeast cells armed for heavy metal accumulation by targeting plant metallothioneins to the inner face of the yeast plasma membrane. Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich proteins involved in the buffering of excess metal ions, especially Cu(I), Zn(II) or Cd(II). The cDNAs of seven Arabidopsis thaliana MTs (AtMT1a, AtMT1c, AtMT2a, AtMT2b, AtMT3, AtMT4a and AtMT4b) and four Noccaea caerulescens MTs (NcMT1, NcMT2a, NcMT2b and NcMT3) were each translationally fused to the C-terminus of a myristoylation green fluorescent protein variant (myrGFP) and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

Heat shock, visible light or high calcium augment the cytotoxic effects of Ailanthus altissima (Swingle) leaf extracts against Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

To gain new insight into the antimicrobial potential of Ailanthus altissima Swingle, ethanol leaf extracts were evaluated for the antifungal effects against the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae. The extracts inhibited the yeast growth in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect could be augmented by heat shock, exposure to visible light or exposure to high concentrations of Ca(2+). Using transgenic yeast cells expressing the Ca(2+)-dependent photoprotein, aequorin, it was found that the leaf extracts induced cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation.

Overexpression of the PHO84 gene causes heavy metal accumulation and induces Ire1p-dependent unfolded protein response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

Pho84p, the protein responsible for the high-affinity uptake and transport of inorganic phosphate across the plasma membrane, is also involved in the low-affinity uptake of heavy metals in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. In the present study, the effect of PHO84 overexpression upon the heavy metal accumulation by yeast cells was investigated. As PHO84 overexpression triggered the Ire1p-dependent unfolded protein response, abundant plasma membrane Pho84p could be achieved only in ire1Δ cells.

Dynamics of inflammatory markers in post-acute stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation.

Stroke is a pathological condition associated with an enhanced inflammatory response that has a multifactorial etiology. We evaluated the dynamic of plasma concentrations of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] during the rehabilitation of post-acute stroke patients (n = 20), in parallel with control subjects (n = 24). Stroke patients had significantly increased concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and Lp(a) when compared to healthy controls.

Removing heavy metals from synthetic effluents using "kamikaze" Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.

One key step of the bioremediation processes designed to clean up heavy metal contaminated environments is growing resistant cells that accumulate the heavy metals to ensure better removal through a combination of biosorption and continuous metabolic uptake after physical adsorption. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells can easily act as cation biosorbents, but isolation of mutants that are both hyperaccumulating and tolerant to heavy metals proved extremely difficult. Instead, mutants that are hypersensitive to heavy metals due to increased and continuous uptake from the environment were considered, aiming to use such mutants to reduce the heavy metal content of contaminated waters.

The antioxidant response induced by Lonicera caerulaea berry extracts in animals bearing experimental solid tumors.

Lonicera caerulea is a species of bush native to the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian Far East) whose berries have been extensively studied due to their potential high antioxidant activity. The aim of our work was to investigate the in vivo effects of the antioxidant action of Lonicera caerulea berry extracts on the dynamics of experimentally-induced tumors. Our data showed that aqueous Lonicera caerulaea extracts reduced the tumor volume when administered continuously during the tumor growth and development stages, but augmented the tumor growth when the administration of extracts started three weeks before tumor grafting.

Chemical and biological studies of Ribes nigrum L. buds essential oil.

Ribes nigrum buds are used in medicine for the diuretic and antiseptic properties of their volatile compounds. We present in this paper comparative data concerning the chemical composition of Ribes nigrum buds essential oils obtained from three blackcurrant varieties. Essential oils were isolated by steam distillation and were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

Role of L-histidine in conferring tolerance to Ni2+ in Sacchromyces cerevisiae cells.

Ni(2+) toxicity can be alleviated in yeast cells by exogenous L-histidine, but not by its enantiomer, D-histidine, nor by other natural L-amino acids tested. We studied the effect of L-histidine upon the accumulation and intracellular distribution of Ni(2+) and found that moderate L-histidine concentrations (less than or equal to those of Ni(2+)) increased cell tolerance without decreasing Ni(2+) accumulation. Although excess L-histidine appeared to lower Ni(2+) accumulation, the concomitant presence of Ni(2+) and L-histidine in the growth medium stimulated each other's uptake.