The implementation of targeted therapies in oncology has brought significant improvement in the treatment of many solid tumours. At the same time, pathological and molecular pathological diagnostics became more important. Today, there are hardly any solid tumours that do not require predictive biomarker testing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNTRK-rearranged uterine sarcoma is a recently described entity that represents a subset of uterine sarcomas with distinct clinicopathological features. From a molecular point of view, this tumour is defined by NTRK gene rearrangement, resulting in overexpression or constitutive activation of Trk receptors. The presence of NTRK fusion is indicative of treatment response with a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the Trk kinases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Hungary, there is no actual ovarian cancer guideline, despite this disease being the most lethal gynaecologic cancer. An expert panel was created by the Hungarian Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists to prepare a recommendation for the reatment of ovarian cancer patients. This multidisciplinary expert group worked together during the first trimester of 2022 using the guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists (ESGO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and created the updated recommendations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this paper, we report our experience of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS)-guided core biopsies involving 303 patients referred to the gynaecological ultrasound unit of our national comprehensive cancer centre. Adequate histologic specimens were obtained in 299 patients (98.7%).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTumor heterogeneity is a consequence of clonal evolution, resulting in a fractal-like architecture with spatially separated main clones, sub-clones and single-cells. As sequencing an entire tumor is not feasible, we ask the question whether there is an optimal clinical sampling strategy that can handle heterogeneity and hypermutations? Here, we tested the effect of sample size, pooling strategy as well as sequencing depth using whole-exome sequencing of ovarian tumor specimens paired with normal blood samples. Our study has an emphasis on clinical application-hence we compared single biopsy, combined local biopsies and combined multi-regional biopsies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is based on a combination of platinum and taxane. To date, no reliable predictive biomarker has been recognized that is capable of identifying patients with pre-existing resistance to these agents. Here, we have established an integrated database and identified the most significant biomarker candidates for chemotherapy resistance in serous ovarian cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common genetic disorders that develops from a mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene. Patients with CF are known to be at risk for malignancies, and lung transplantation-associated immunosuppression further increases this risk.
Case Report: We describe a case of a 29-year-old male patient with CF who developed testicular cancer 14 months after a lung transplantation.
A combination of ovarian tumors with the same histogenetic origin but different histologic subtype is relatively common, whereas a co-occurrence of tumors with different histogenetic origin is rare. We report a case of mixed ovarian tumor composed of Brenner tumor and adult-type granulosa cell tumor, a combination that to the best of our knowledge has not been reported in the literature until now.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: Low-grade serous neoplasms of the testis are rare neoplasms that show striking morphological similarities with the better-understood ovarian neoplasms. This study is to see if there are similar molecular abnormalities in these two tumours. The cell of origin, relationship with serous ovarian tumour and the pathogenesis of these neoplasms are not fully established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ovary is a common site of metastases. Secondary tumors account for 3-40% of all ovarian malignancies. Most ovarian metastases arise from the colon, although tumors of the breast, stomach and endometrium are also common places of origin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of preoperative intrauterine brachytherapy (BT) in the multidisciplinary treatment of early stage cervical carcinoma (ESCC) is controversial. In 2005, a prospective randomized multicenter study was initiated in Hungary in order to explore the potential advantages of preoperative high-dose-rate (HDR) BT. In this article we evaluate the efficiency of preoperative HDR BT by the rate of pathologic complete remission (pCR) in the first 185 patients enrolled in the study at the National Institute of Oncology and at the Uzsoki Municipal Cancer Center in collaboration with the 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the pretreatment evaluation of myometrium invasion in endometrial cancer. Our retrospective study concerns 89 patients with endometrial cancer, who had preoperative MR evaluation of myometrium invasion and we compared it with histological results. Considering histological type and grade, we had excluded patients with poor prognosis, and separately evaluated those cases where the depth of myometrium invasion is the main prognostic factor determining the choice treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppendiceal mucocele is a rare disease (0.2-0.3% of all appendectomies) and it is defined as abnormal accumulation of mucoid material in the appendiceal lumen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChoriocarcinoma is a rare, highly malignant trophoblastic tumor with gestational or, rarely, germ cell origin. Primary extragenital localization is extremely rare. This report describes a choriocarcinoma case clinically mimicking a primary renal cell carcinoma with multiplex pulmonary metastases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe purpose of the study was a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of preoperative intracavitary high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR BT) in sterilization of the specimen of operable cervical cancer patients enrolled into a prospective, randomized study. Between 2005 and 2010, 100 operable cervical cancer patients of FIGO stage I/A2 (n=4), I/B1 (n=51), I/B2 (n=19), IIA (n=17), and proximal II/B (n=9) were randomized in two arms: in arm "A" (n=50) allocated treatment was 2x8 Gy preoperative intracavitary HDR BT followed by radical surgery, in arm "B" (n= 50) no preoperative treatment was given before the planned radical Wertheim hysterectomy. The rates of pathologic complete remission (pCR) were compared using the Fisher-exact test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynchronous tumors of the female genital tract are rare, accounting for 0.7-1.8% of all cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathol Oncol Res
September 2011
The pathogenesis of ovarian carcinomas is heterogeneous, with even the same entities showing great variance. In our study we investigated the mutations of the BRAF, KRAS, and p53 genes in serous and mucinous borderline tumors and in low grade and high grade serous and mucinous tumors. The mutations of BRAF and KRAS genes have been shown in 60% of borderline and low grade (well differentiated) serous and mucinous tumors, but very rarely in high grade (moderately and poorly differentiated) carcinomas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbout 15-20% of all ovarian epithelial neoplasms are of borderline type (or atypical proliferative or carcinoma of low malignant potential) and about 5-7% are mucinous type, which are the second most common type behind the serous borderline tumors. The borderline tumor is a serious diagnostic and treatment problem both for the pathologists and for clinicians. These tumors appeared to be intermediate in their histologic and prognostic features between the benign cystadenomas and clearly malignant carcinomas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbout 15-20% of all ovarian neoplasms are of borderline type (or atypical proliferative or carcinoma of low malignant potential). They represent a common diagnostic and treatment problem both for the pathologist and for clinicians. The borderline tumors occur most commonly in childbearing age, show an indolent course and have good prognosis but are resistant to the traditional chemotherapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeritoneal carcinomatosis is a fatal diagnosis, associated with poor prognosis and quality of life. Survival is usually estimated in month. Traditionally surgery for peritoneal carcinomatosis was indicated only for palliative effort.
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