Digital Pathology Identifies Associations between Tissue Inflammatory Biomarkers and Multiple Sclerosis Outcomes.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a clinically heterogeneous disease underpinned by inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes, the extent of which varies between individuals and over the course of the disease. Recognising the clinicopathological features that most strongly associate with disease outcomes will inform future efforts at patient phenotyping.

Aims: We used a digital pathology workflow, involving high-resolution image acquisition of immunostained slides and opensource software for quantification, to investigate the relationship between clinical and neuropathological features in an autopsy cohort of progressive MS.

Comparing the Pathology, Clinical, and Demographic Characteristics of Younger and Older-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: Older people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a less active radiological and clinical presentation, but many still attain significant levels of disability; but what drives worsening disability in this group?

Methods: We used data from the UK MS Register to characterize demographics and clinical features of late-onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS; symptom onset at ≥50 years), compared with adult-onset MS (AOMS; onset 18-49 years). We performed a pathology study of a separate MS cohort with a later onset (n = 18, mean age of onset 54 years) versus AOMS (n = 23, mean age of onset 29 years).

Results: In the Register cohort, there were 1,608 (9.

Common signatures of differential microRNA expression in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains.

Dysregulation of microRNA gene expression has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. However, the individual dysregulated microRNAs remain largely unknown. Previous meta-analyses have highlighted several microRNAs being differentially expressed in post-mortem Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease brains versus controls, but they were based on small sample sizes.

Multisystem screening reveals SARS-CoV-2 in neurons of the myenteric plexus and in megakaryocytes.

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, typically manifests as a respiratory illness, although extrapulmonary involvement, such as in the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system, as well as frequent thrombotic events, are increasingly recognised. How this maps onto SARS-CoV-2 organ tropism at the histological level, however, remains unclear. Here, we perform a comprehensive validation of a monoclonal antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) followed by systematic multisystem organ immunohistochemistry analysis of the viral cellular tropism in tissue from 36 patients, 16 postmortem cases and 16 biopsies with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 status from the peaks of the pandemic in 2020 and four pre-COVID postmortem controls.

Simple (17) O NMR method for studying electron self-exchange reaction between UO2 (2+) and U(4+) aqua ions in acidic solution.

(17) O NMR spectroscopy is proven to be suitable and convenient method for studying the electron exchange by following the decrease of (17) O-enrichment in U(17) OO(2+) ion in the presence of U(4+) ion in aqueous solution. The reactions have been performed at room temperature using I = 5 M ClO4 (-) ionic medium in acidic solutions in order to determine the kinetics of electron exchange between the U(4+) and UO2 (2+) aqua ions. The rate equation is given as R = a[H(+) ](-2)  + R', where R' is an acid independent parallel path.

Microvascular reactivity in lean, overweight, and obese hypertensive adolescents.

Unlabelled: The microvascular responses to endothelium-dependent vasodilators (e.g., acetylcholine), endothelium-independent vasodilators (e.

Increased heme oxygenase-1 expression in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of certain severe illnesses in preterm infants. The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) participates in cytoprotection against oxygen radical injury. We have previously described the role of HO-1 in physiologic adaptation by demonstrating the induction of HO-1 in healthy mature neonates and asymptomatic preterm infants.

[Increase in prevalence of childhood asthma in Budapest between 1995 and 2003: correlation with air pollution data and total pollen count].

Introduction: According to the data of the Hungarian pulmonological network, the prevalence of asthma in the last 15 years has increased (almost linearly) in Hungary. In 2004 it was 1.8%.

Heme oxygenase-1 expression in premature and mature neonates during the first week of life.

Newborns are exposed to mechanical and oxidative stress during labor and to relative hyperoxia thereafter during the course of adaptation to the extrauterine conditions. Part of the adaptation mechanism is the rapid degradation of fetal hemoglobin and the oxidation of its heme moiety by heme oxygenases (HOs). Heme oxygenase-1 enzyme (HO-1) is the inducible isoform, which is induced by and protective against oxidative stress.

Indoor air pollutants and immune biomarkers among Hungarian asthmatic children.

The authors examined the relationship between immune biomarkers and indoor air pollution cross-sectionally in school children 9-11 yr of age who had immunologically related respiratory diseases and who resided in Hungarian cities. Nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene, xylene, and toluene were measured passively indoors prior to the collection of venous blood samples for blood counts and identification of immune biomarkers. House dust mite allergen was also measured.