Familial polycystic kidneys with no genetic confirmation: Are we sure it is ADPKD?

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common heritable multifocal cystic disease encountered in clinical practice, and it is usually diagnosed in patients with family history by the evidence of markedly enlarged kidneys with multiple bilateral cysts at ultrasound (U.S.), computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

New antimicrobial options for the management of complicated intra-abdominal infections.

Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. Optimal management of cIAI requires early source control in combination with adequate antimicrobial treatment and aggressive fluid resuscitation. cIAIs are mainly caused by Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes.

New antibiotics for the treatment of serious infections in intensive care unit patients.

Nowadays, the infections of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) are a major public health problem; this is due to several factors, in primis an increase in antibiotic resistance and the inappropriate use of antibiotics. We briefly focus on on both new antibiotics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in the last decade (2010-2019), and on agents in an advanced phase of development that have been developed, or are already approved, for the treatment of serious infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. An adequate knowledge of the new antibiotics will reduce their inappropriate use with the consequent reduction in the onset of new resistance and decreasing health care costs.

Retrocardiac pneumonia mimicking acute abdomen: a diagnostic challenge.

We present the case of a child who showed acute abdominal pain and fever due to retrocardiac pneumonia by Streptococcus pneumoniae without respiratory signs and symptoms. Acute abdominal pain is a common presenting symptom of children seen in pediatric emergency rooms. Basilar pneumonia is an uncommonly known cause of pediatric abdominal pain; it may go unrecognized on a patient's initial evaluation.

Immunoglobulin therapy of fetal cytomegalovirus infection occurring in the first half of pregnancy--a case-control study of the outcome in children.

Background: Primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection early in gestation causes severe disease.

Methods: Case patients were 32 congenitally infected children aged 1-5 years who had either hearing deficit and/or psychomotor retardation and whose mothers had a confirmed or probable primary CMV infection at ≤ 20 weeks' gestation. Control subjects were 32 congenitally infected normal children whose mothers had a confirmed primary infection at ≤ 20 weeks' gestation.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella septic arthritis in an immunocompetent child with a pharyngeal streptococcal infection.

We report the case of an immunocompetent child who showed monoarticular arthritis and fever, preceded by pharyngitis and arthralgias. Because group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus had been detected in the pharyngeal swab, erythromycin was given on admission. However, based on ultrasound examination, therapy with ceftriaxone and joint fluid drainage were promptly performed, and a rapid and full recovery followed.