Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure failure prediction in preterm infants less than 32 weeks gestational age suffering from respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: Early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and surfactant replacement are effective treatments for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). CPAP is the first line in preterm infants needing respiratory support, with surfactant replacement in case of CPAP failure (CPAP-F).

Objectives: To analyze incidence and factors associated with CPAP-F in preterm infants with RDS.

Is intravenous fish oil associated with the neurodevelopment of extremely low birth weight preterm infants on parenteral nutrition?

Background & Aims: Preterm infants are at increased risk of long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD). Long chain n-3 fatty acids play a key role during the development of the central nervous system and some studies in preterm infants showed benefits of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid supplementation for visual and cognitive development. In recent years fish oil has been added to the fat blend of intravenous (IV) lipid emulsions (LE) but to date scanty data are available on neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants that received fish oil containing LE.

Hypertriglyceridemia and lipid tolerance in preterm infants with a birth weight of less than 1250 g on routine parenteral nutrition.

Objectives: To study the association of hypertriglyceridemia and of lipid tolerance with clinical and nutritional data in preterm infants receiving routine parenteral nutrition.

Design: We retrospectively studied 672 preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks) with birth weight <1250 g, consecutively admitted to our NICU, born between 2004 and 2018. Selected prenatal data and interventions, parenteral intakes and diseases were considered.

Oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio in preterm infants on routine parenteral nutrition with conventional or fish oil containing lipid emulsions.

Introduction: The benefits of intravenous (IV) fish oil (FO), as a source of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, on lung growth in preterm infants, remain controversial.

Aim: To evaluate if IV FO improves lung growth in small preterm infants on routine parenteral nutrition (PN).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data of preterm infants with a birth weight <1250 g who received routine PN from birth.

Blood urea in preterm infants on routine parenteral nutrition: A multiple linear regression analysis.

Background: Blood urea is considered a marker of amino acid utilization in preterm infants on routine parenteral nutrition. However, the association between blood urea and intravenous amino acid intake remains debated.

Aims: To evaluate the association between blood urea and both nutrition and clinical data, in a large cohort of preterm infants.

Hypertriglyceridemia and Intravenous Lipid Titration During Routine Parenteral Nutrition in Small Preterm Infants.

Objectives: In case of hypertriglyceridemia (HiTG) during parenteral nutrition (PN), the 2018 European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines recommend an intravenous (IV) lipid titration, but its consequences in small preterm infants are largely unknown. We compared macronutrient and energy intakes, growth, diseases associated with prematurity, and neurodevelopment in small preterm infants on PN who developed (cases) or did not develop HiTG (controls, CNTR).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of preterm infants with a birth weight (BW) <1250 g consecutively admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit (2004-2016) who received routine PN.

Corrigendum: Heparan Sulfate: A Potential Candidate for the Development of Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Membranes.

[This corrects the article on p. 54 in vol. 5, PMID: 28983481.

Heparan Sulfate: A Potential Candidate for the Development of Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Membranes.

Clinical trials have demonstrated that heparan sulfate (HS) could be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Its anti-inflammatory effect makes it suitable for the development of biomimetic innovative strategies aiming at modulating stem cells behavior toward a pro-regenerative phenotype in case of injury or inflammation. Here, we propose collagen type I meshes fabricated by solvent casting and further crosslinked with HS (HS-Col) to create a biomimetic environment resembling the extracellular matrix of soft tissue.